Bioinspired Engineering of Thermal Materials

Tao Deng is the Zhi Yuan Endowed Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He obtained his PhD degree from Harvard University in Cambridge, USA, in 2001 and completed his postdoc at MIT in Boston, USA, in 2003. He worked at General Electric (GE)'s Global Research Center at Niskayuna, USA, before he moved to Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2012.Professor Deng has authored more than 50 external publications, 60 GE internal technical reports and holds 40 patents. He is the recipient of the Guo Moruo President award at the University of Science and Technology of China and numerous GE's technical and patent awards. In 2011, he was selected as one of the top 100 young engineers to participate in the US National Academy of Engineering's Frontiers of Engineering Symposium.

• 1 Introduction to Thermal Properties of Materials 1Rui Feng and Chengyi Song1.1 Conventional Macroscale Heat Transfer 11.1.1 Normalization 21.1.2 Thermal Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium 21.1.3 Integral Structural Heat Transfer 31.1.4 Control Volume and Interface 41.1.5 Conduction in Single and Multiphase Medium 61.1.5.1 Single-phase Medium 61.1.5.2 Multiphase Composite Medium 61.1.6 Heat Capacity 81.1.7 Phase Change 91.2 Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer 101.2.1 Micro/Nanoscale Heat Carriers 101.2.2 Nanoscale Thermal Dynamic Theory via Boltzmann Equation 131.2.3 Molecular Dynamics Calculation 151.2.4 Photothermal Effect via SPR Heating 161.3 Bioinspired Thermal Materials 171.3.1 Bioinspired Thermal Materials for Heat Conduction 171.3.2 Bioinspired Materials for Thermal Storage 181.3.3 Bioinspired Thermal Detection 191.3.4 Bioinpsired Materials for Energy Conversion 191.4 Perspective and Outlook 20Acknowledgments 21References 212 The Engineering History of Thermal Materials 25Mohammed T. Ababneh2.1 Introduction 252.2 Engineering History of Thermal Materials 252.2.1 Thermal Conductivity 252.2.2 Development of Materials with High Thermal Conductivity 272.3 Engineering Applications with Bioinspired Thermal Materials 332.3.1 Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces 332.3.2 Dropwise Condensation 342.3.3 Heat Pipes 372.4 Bioinspired Multiscale Wicks 382.5 Hybrid Superhydrophilic/Superhydrophobic Wicks 402.6 Flexible Heat Pipes with Integrated Bioinspired Design 42References 443 Bioinspired Surfaces for Enhanced Boiling 47Yangying Zhu, Dion S. Antao, and Evelyn N. Wang3.1 Introduction 473.2 Bioinspired Surfaces for Boiling 493.3 Surface-Structure-Enhanced Pool Boiling 523.4 Biphilic and Biconductive Surface-Enhanced Boiling 553.5 Surfactant-Enhanced Pool Boiling 593.6 Flow Boiling 623.7 Conclusions and Outlook 66Acknowledgments 67References 674 Bioinspired Materials in Evaporation 73Yanming Liu and Chengyi Song4.1 Introduction 734.2 What Is Evaporation? 744.2.1 Theoretical Models of Evaporation via Bulk Heating or Interfacial Heating 744.2.2 Examples of Bulk Heating and Interfacial Heating 764.3 Bioinspired Materials in Evaporation 804.3.1 Bioinspired Enhancing of Evaporation Rate via Interfacial Localized Heating 814.3.2 Skin-Mimic Evaporative Cooling System 864.3.3 Application of Bioinspired Materials in Evaporation 884.3.3.1 Distillation 884.3.3.2 Sterilization 894.3.3.3 Desalination 914.3.3.4 Wastewater Treatment 924.3.3.5 Electronics Cooling System 944.4 Summary and Perspectives 95Acknowledgments 96References 965 Bioinspired Engineering of Photothermal Materials 99Wang Zhang and Junlong Tian5.1 Antireflection and Photothermal Biomaterials 995.1.1 Nipple Arrays Antireflection Biomaterials 1005.1.2 Protuberances Arrays Antireflection Biomaterials 1015.1.3 Triangular Roof-Type Antireflection and Photothermal Materials 1035.2 Bioinspired Photothermal Materials 1055.2.1 Bioinspired Photothermal Materials Synthesis Approach 1065.2.2 Bioinspired Metal–Semiconductor Photothermal Materials 1065.2.3 Bioinspired Carbon-Matrix Metal Functional Materials 116References 1226 Bioinspired Microfluidic Cooling 129Charlie Wasyl Katrycz and Benjamin D. Hatton6.1 Introduction 1296.2 Biological Heat Exchange 1316.3 Wearable Fluidics 1326.3.1 Liquid Cooling Garments 1326.3.2 Head Cooling 1346.3.3 Wearable Microfluidics 1366.4 Fluidic-Based Windows and Facades for Buildings 1366.4.1 Thermal Storage in Fluidic Layers 1396.4.2 Forced Convection for Thermal Control 1406.4.3 One-Dimensional Steady-State Heat Transfer Model 1426.4.4 Fluidic Networks for Adaptive Windows 1436.5 Fabrication Methods for Large-Area Fluidic Networks 1456.5.1 3D Printing 1456.5.2 Radio Frequency Welding 1476.5.3 CNC Milling 1486.5.4 Micro Molding 1486.5.5 Viscous Fingering 1506.6 Summary 153References 1537 Thermal Emissivity: Basics, Measurement, and Biological Examples 159Lars Olof Björn and Annica M. Nilsson7.1 Terminology 1597.2 Basic Radiation Laws 1607.3 Direct Emissivity Measurements 1607.4 Kirchhoff’s Law 1617.5 Measurements Using Kirchhoff’s Law 1627.6 Attenuated Total Reflectance 1647.7 Ways to Determine Hemispherical Emissivity 1657.8 Specular and Diffuse Reflectance 1667.9 Problems with Sample Shape 1687.10 Remote Sensing from Aircraft or Satellites 1687.11 Examples of Emissivity Determinations of Biological Samples 168References 1718 Bioinspired Thermal Detection 175Zhen Luo and Wen Shang8.1 Introduction 1758.2 Thermal Detection 1768.2.1 Invasive Thermal Detection 1778.2.1.1 Thermometers 1778.2.1.2 Thermocouple 1788.2.1.3 Thermistors 1798.2.2 Noninvasive Thermal Detection 1798.2.2.1 Electron or Molecule Excitation-Based Noninvasive Thermal Detection 1798.2.2.2 Noninvasive Thermal Detection Based on the Change of Other Physical Properties 1808.3 Bioinspired Thermal Detection 1818.3.1 Thermal Detection by Direct Use of Biological Materials 1818.3.1.1 Bimaterials Combining Biological Materials and Thermal Materials 1818.3.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence (PL) Sensor 1828.3.1.3 Biomolecule Thermosensors 1838.3.2 Thermal Detection Inspired by Biological Structures that Might Not Be Related to Thermal Function of Biological Systems 1878.3.3 Thermal Detection Inspired by the Thermal Function of Biological Systems 1898.3.3.1 Thermosensitive Biological Polymers 1898.3.3.2 Thermal Detection Inspired by Skin 1898.3.4 Application of Bioinspired Thermal Detection 1938.4 Perspectives 195References 1979 Bioinspired Thermal Insulation and Storage Materials 201Peng Tao and Dominic J. McCafferty9.1 Introduction to Thermal Insulation Materials 2019.1.1 Introduction 2019.1.2 Fundamentals of Thermal Insulation 2029.2 Engineering of Thermal Insulation Materials 2049.2.1 Conventional Thermal Insulation Materials 2049.2.2 Advanced Thermal Insulation Materials 2069.2.3 Application of Thermal Insulation Materials 2089.2.3.1 Thermal Insulation for Buildings 2089.2.3.2 Thermal Insulation for Spacecraft 2089.2.3.3 Thermal Insulation for Mechanical Systems 2109.2.3.4 Thermal Insulation for Textile Industries 2109.3 Bioinspired Thermal Insulation and Storage Materials 2119.3.1 Biological Thermal Insulation 2119.3.1.1 Fat and Blubber 2119.3.1.2 Feathers and Plumage 2129.3.1.3 Hair, Fur and Wool 2129.3.1.4 Heat Transfer Processes in Animal Coats 2129.3.2 Advanced Thermal Insulation Materials Inspired by Animals 2149.3.3 Thermal Storage Inspired by Black Butterflies 2169.4 Summary and Outlook 219Acknowledgments 219References 21910 Bioinspired Icephobicity 225Ri li10.1 Icing Nucleation of Sessile Drops 22610.2 Literature Review – Icing of Water Drops on Surfaces 23010.3 Icing of Stationary Water Drops 23110.4 Icing of Water Drops Impacting Surfaces 235References 238Index 241