Fazhou Wang is Professor of Materials Science and Director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures at Wuhan University of Technology, China. His research focuses on high-performance cement-based materials and their engineering applications. He has received two National Science and Technology Progress Awards and multiple provincial-level awards. Shuguang Hu is Chief Professor of Materials Science at Wuhan University of Technology, China. Formerly Dean of the School of Materials Science and Engineering and Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Building Materials, he has led teaching and research in advanced cement-based materials for 40 years. His work has earned numerous national awards, including the National Technological Invention Award and multiple National Science and Technology Progress Awards.

• About the Authors ixPreface xi1 Introduction 11.1 Overview 11.2 Brief History of High-tech Concrete Development 21.2.1 Ordinary Concrete 21.2.2 High-strength Concrete 41.2.3 High-performance Concrete 51.2.4 Ultra-high-strength Concrete 51.2.5 Ultra-high-performance Concrete 81.2.6 High-performance Composite Structural Concrete and Innovative Functional Concrete 91.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Concrete Materials 101.4 Technical Characteristics and Research Content of High-tech Concrete 11References 132 Cementitious Material for High-tech Concrete 172.1 Characteristics of High-tech Concrete 172.2 Types of Cementitious Materials for High-tech Concrete 192.2.1 Cement 192.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials 192.3 Mechanism and Properties of Cementitious Materials for High-tech Concrete 272.3.1 Mechanism and Properties of Single-component Supplementary Cementitious Material 272.3.2 Mechanism and Properties of Two-component Supplementary Cementitious Material 372.3.3 Mechanism and Performance of Multi-component Supplementary Cementitious Materials 482.4 Prospects for Design and Development of Composite Cementitious Materials 54References 563 Functional Materials for High-tech Concrete 593.1 Concrete Admixtures 593.1.1 Types of Concrete Admixtures 603.1.2 The Functionalization Principle of Concrete Admixtures 613.1.3 The Main Types of Expansive Agents and the Mechanism of Action in Concrete 613.1.4 Design and Preparation of High-energy Blended Expansive Agent 663.2 Polymer Materials 673.2.1 Types of Polymers 673.2.2 Role of Polymers 683.3 Fiber Material 743.3.1 Types and Characteristics of Fibers 743.3.2 The Role of Fibers 763.4 Ultra-fine Powder 773.4.1 Commonly Used Ultra-fine Powder 773.4.2 The Role of Ultra-fine Powder 783.5 Nano-seeds 813.5.1 Nano-seeds and Their Mechanism of Action 813.5.2 Preparation of C-S-H Nano-seeding 823.5.3 Influence of C-S-H Seeding on the Hydration Process of Cementitious Materials 833.6 Internal Curing Functional Materials 853.6.1 Overview of Internal Curing 853.6.2 Organic Superabsorbent Polymer Materials 863.6.3 Inorganic Water-releasing Materials 953.7 Functional Aggregates 1013.7.1 The Role of Functional Aggregates 1033.7.2 Design and Preparation of Functional Aggregates 1053.7.3 Research and Development of Functional Aggregates 107References 1154 Ultra-high-strength Concrete 1194.1 Macro-defect Free Cement 1194.1.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1194.1.2 Performance, Development, and Application Potential 1214.2 Densified System of Homogeneously Arranged Ultra-fine Particles 1224.2.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1224.2.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1234.3 Compact Reinforced Composite 1244.3.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1244.3.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1254.4 Reactive Powder Concrete 1274.4.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1274.4.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1294.5 Reinforcement Mechanism of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Composite 1314.5.1 Composition and Structural Characteristics of Ultra-High-strength Cementitious Material with a Low Water–binder Ratio 1324.5.2 Factors Affecting the Strength of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Material with a Low Water–binder Ratio 1344.5.3 Reinforcement Mechanism of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Material 135References 1375 Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1415.1 Overview of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1415.2 Design of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1445.2.1 Guidelines for the Preparation of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1445.2.2 Design Method for Ultra-high-performance Concrete Material System Based on Response Surface Methodology 1455.3 Physical and Mechanical Properties 1555.3.1 Workability 1555.3.2 Hydration and Microstructure Evolution 1585.3.3 Mechanical Properties 1645.4 Volumetric Stability 1695.4.1 Shrinkage Characteristics 1705.4.2 Shrinkage Mechanism 1715.4.3 Effect of Steel Fibers on Autogenous Shrinkage 1755.4.4 Effect of Internal Curing on Shrinkage 1795.5 Durability Properties 1835.5.1 Freeze–thaw Durability 1835.5.2 Resistance to Sulfate Attack 1865.5.3 Resistant to Chloride Ion Penetration 1905.6 Novel Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1905.6.1 Green Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1915.6.2 Lightweight Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1955.7 Application of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1995.7.1 Ultra-high-performance Concrete for Municipal Solid Waste Pre-treatment Plants 1995.7.2 Pumpable Lightweight Ultra-high-performance Concrete for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement 202References 2036 High-performance Composite Structural Concrete 2076.1 Concrete-filled Steel Tubes Composite Material 2076.1.1 Overview 2076.1.2 Design and Control of Concrete-filled Steel Tube Expansion Properties 2096.1.3 Design of Cementitious Material Composition Matching 2176.1.4 Engineering Application of Concrete-filled Steel Tubes in Large-span Arch Bridges 2246.2 Steel-concrete/Asphalt Composite Bridge Deck Paving Structural Materials 2346.2.1 Overview 2346.2.2 Design of a New Type of Steel Box Girder Pavement Structure 2366.2.3 Design and Performance of Pavement Materials and Structures 2496.2.4 Construction Technology and Engineering Application of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement 2556.3 Composite Materials for Structural/Functional Tunnel Concrete 2646.3.1 Overview 2646.3.2 Structural Design of Tunnel Concrete Segment and Lining 2666.3.3 Properties of Concrete Segment 2756.3.4 Preparation and Engineering Application of Functional Composite Concrete Segment 2836.4 High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 2966.4.1 Overview 2966.4.2 Key Technologies for the Design and Preparation of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 2996.4.3 High-performance Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Performance Design and Modification Technology 3076.4.4 Design and Preparation Techniques for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Structures and Elements 3126.4.5 Construction and Application Technology of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 322References 3307 Novel Functional Concrete Technologies 3397.1 Recyclable Cement Concrete 3397.1.1 Overview 3397.1.2 Design Concepts for Recyclable Cement Concrete 3407.1.3 Properties of Recyclable Cement Concrete 3417.2 Resin Aggregate Concrete 3447.2.1 Overview 3447.2.2 Design Principle for Resin Aggregate Concrete 3457.2.3 Characterization of Resin Aggregate Concrete 3477.2.4 Development Trends of Resin Aggregate Concrete 3527.3 CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3537.3.1 Overview of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3537.3.2 Preparation of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3547.3.3 Performance of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3557.3.4 Trends in 3D-printed Concrete 360References 361Index 363

Fazhou Wang is Professor of Materials Science and Director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures at Wuhan University of Technology, China. His research focuses on high-performance cement-based materials and their engineering applications. He has received two National Science and Technology Progress Awards and multiple provincial-level awards. Shuguang Hu is Chief Professor of Materials Science at Wuhan University of Technology, China. Formerly Dean of the School of Materials Science and Engineering and Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Building Materials, he has led teaching and research in advanced cement-based materials for 40 years. His work has earned numerous national awards, including the National Technological Invention Award and multiple National Science and Technology Progress Awards.

• About the Authors ixPreface xi1 Introduction 11.1 Overview 11.2 Brief History of High-tech Concrete Development 21.2.1 Ordinary Concrete 21.2.2 High-strength Concrete 41.2.3 High-performance Concrete 51.2.4 Ultra-high-strength Concrete 51.2.5 Ultra-high-performance Concrete 81.2.6 High-performance Composite Structural Concrete and Innovative Functional Concrete 91.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Concrete Materials 101.4 Technical Characteristics and Research Content of High-tech Concrete 11References 132 Cementitious Material for High-tech Concrete 172.1 Characteristics of High-tech Concrete 172.2 Types of Cementitious Materials for High-tech Concrete 192.2.1 Cement 192.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials 192.3 Mechanism and Properties of Cementitious Materials for High-tech Concrete 272.3.1 Mechanism and Properties of Single-component Supplementary Cementitious Material 272.3.2 Mechanism and Properties of Two-component Supplementary Cementitious Material 372.3.3 Mechanism and Performance of Multi-component Supplementary Cementitious Materials 482.4 Prospects for Design and Development of Composite Cementitious Materials 54References 563 Functional Materials for High-tech Concrete 593.1 Concrete Admixtures 593.1.1 Types of Concrete Admixtures 603.1.2 The Functionalization Principle of Concrete Admixtures 613.1.3 The Main Types of Expansive Agents and the Mechanism of Action in Concrete 613.1.4 Design and Preparation of High-energy Blended Expansive Agent 663.2 Polymer Materials 673.2.1 Types of Polymers 673.2.2 Role of Polymers 683.3 Fiber Material 743.3.1 Types and Characteristics of Fibers 743.3.2 The Role of Fibers 763.4 Ultra-fine Powder 773.4.1 Commonly Used Ultra-fine Powder 773.4.2 The Role of Ultra-fine Powder 783.5 Nano-seeds 813.5.1 Nano-seeds and Their Mechanism of Action 813.5.2 Preparation of C-S-H Nano-seeding 823.5.3 Influence of C-S-H Seeding on the Hydration Process of Cementitious Materials 833.6 Internal Curing Functional Materials 853.6.1 Overview of Internal Curing 853.6.2 Organic Superabsorbent Polymer Materials 863.6.3 Inorganic Water-releasing Materials 953.7 Functional Aggregates 1013.7.1 The Role of Functional Aggregates 1033.7.2 Design and Preparation of Functional Aggregates 1053.7.3 Research and Development of Functional Aggregates 107References 1154 Ultra-high-strength Concrete 1194.1 Macro-defect Free Cement 1194.1.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1194.1.2 Performance, Development, and Application Potential 1214.2 Densified System of Homogeneously Arranged Ultra-fine Particles 1224.2.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1224.2.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1234.3 Compact Reinforced Composite 1244.3.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1244.3.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1254.4 Reactive Powder Concrete 1274.4.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1274.4.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1294.5 Reinforcement Mechanism of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Composite 1314.5.1 Composition and Structural Characteristics of Ultra-High-strength Cementitious Material with a Low Water–binder Ratio 1324.5.2 Factors Affecting the Strength of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Material with a Low Water–binder Ratio 1344.5.3 Reinforcement Mechanism of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Material 135References 1375 Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1415.1 Overview of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1415.2 Design of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1445.2.1 Guidelines for the Preparation of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1445.2.2 Design Method for Ultra-high-performance Concrete Material System Based on Response Surface Methodology 1455.3 Physical and Mechanical Properties 1555.3.1 Workability 1555.3.2 Hydration and Microstructure Evolution 1585.3.3 Mechanical Properties 1645.4 Volumetric Stability 1695.4.1 Shrinkage Characteristics 1705.4.2 Shrinkage Mechanism 1715.4.3 Effect of Steel Fibers on Autogenous Shrinkage 1755.4.4 Effect of Internal Curing on Shrinkage 1795.5 Durability Properties 1835.5.1 Freeze–thaw Durability 1835.5.2 Resistance to Sulfate Attack 1865.5.3 Resistant to Chloride Ion Penetration 1905.6 Novel Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1905.6.1 Green Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1915.6.2 Lightweight Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1955.7 Application of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1995.7.1 Ultra-high-performance Concrete for Municipal Solid Waste Pre-treatment Plants 1995.7.2 Pumpable Lightweight Ultra-high-performance Concrete for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement 202References 2036 High-performance Composite Structural Concrete 2076.1 Concrete-filled Steel Tubes Composite Material 2076.1.1 Overview 2076.1.2 Design and Control of Concrete-filled Steel Tube Expansion Properties 2096.1.3 Design of Cementitious Material Composition Matching 2176.1.4 Engineering Application of Concrete-filled Steel Tubes in Large-span Arch Bridges 2246.2 Steel-concrete/Asphalt Composite Bridge Deck Paving Structural Materials 2346.2.1 Overview 2346.2.2 Design of a New Type of Steel Box Girder Pavement Structure 2366.2.3 Design and Performance of Pavement Materials and Structures 2496.2.4 Construction Technology and Engineering Application of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement 2556.3 Composite Materials for Structural/Functional Tunnel Concrete 2646.3.1 Overview 2646.3.2 Structural Design of Tunnel Concrete Segment and Lining 2666.3.3 Properties of Concrete Segment 2756.3.4 Preparation and Engineering Application of Functional Composite Concrete Segment 2836.4 High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 2966.4.1 Overview 2966.4.2 Key Technologies for the Design and Preparation of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 2996.4.3 High-performance Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Performance Design and Modification Technology 3076.4.4 Design and Preparation Techniques for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Structures and Elements 3126.4.5 Construction and Application Technology of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 322References 3307 Novel Functional Concrete Technologies 3397.1 Recyclable Cement Concrete 3397.1.1 Overview 3397.1.2 Design Concepts for Recyclable Cement Concrete 3407.1.3 Properties of Recyclable Cement Concrete 3417.2 Resin Aggregate Concrete 3447.2.1 Overview 3447.2.2 Design Principle for Resin Aggregate Concrete 3457.2.3 Characterization of Resin Aggregate Concrete 3477.2.4 Development Trends of Resin Aggregate Concrete 3527.3 CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3537.3.1 Overview of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3537.3.2 Preparation of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3547.3.3 Performance of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3557.3.4 Trends in 3D-printed Concrete 360References 361Index 363

Fazhou Wang is Professor of Materials Science and Director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures at Wuhan University of Technology, China. His research focuses on high-performance cement-based materials and their engineering applications. He has received two National Science and Technology Progress Awards and multiple provincial-level awards. Shuguang Hu is Chief Professor of Materials Science at Wuhan University of Technology, China. Formerly Dean of the School of Materials Science and Engineering and Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Building Materials, he has led teaching and research in advanced cement-based materials for 40 years. His work has earned numerous national awards, including the National Technological Invention Award and multiple National Science and Technology Progress Awards.

• About the Authors ixPreface xi1 Introduction 11.1 Overview 11.2 Brief History of High-tech Concrete Development 21.2.1 Ordinary Concrete 21.2.2 High-strength Concrete 41.2.3 High-performance Concrete 51.2.4 Ultra-high-strength Concrete 51.2.5 Ultra-high-performance Concrete 81.2.6 High-performance Composite Structural Concrete and Innovative Functional Concrete 91.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Concrete Materials 101.4 Technical Characteristics and Research Content of High-tech Concrete 11References 132 Cementitious Material for High-tech Concrete 172.1 Characteristics of High-tech Concrete 172.2 Types of Cementitious Materials for High-tech Concrete 192.2.1 Cement 192.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials 192.3 Mechanism and Properties of Cementitious Materials for High-tech Concrete 272.3.1 Mechanism and Properties of Single-component Supplementary Cementitious Material 272.3.2 Mechanism and Properties of Two-component Supplementary Cementitious Material 372.3.3 Mechanism and Performance of Multi-component Supplementary Cementitious Materials 482.4 Prospects for Design and Development of Composite Cementitious Materials 54References 563 Functional Materials for High-tech Concrete 593.1 Concrete Admixtures 593.1.1 Types of Concrete Admixtures 603.1.2 The Functionalization Principle of Concrete Admixtures 613.1.3 The Main Types of Expansive Agents and the Mechanism of Action in Concrete 613.1.4 Design and Preparation of High-energy Blended Expansive Agent 663.2 Polymer Materials 673.2.1 Types of Polymers 673.2.2 Role of Polymers 683.3 Fiber Material 743.3.1 Types and Characteristics of Fibers 743.3.2 The Role of Fibers 763.4 Ultra-fine Powder 773.4.1 Commonly Used Ultra-fine Powder 773.4.2 The Role of Ultra-fine Powder 783.5 Nano-seeds 813.5.1 Nano-seeds and Their Mechanism of Action 813.5.2 Preparation of C-S-H Nano-seeding 823.5.3 Influence of C-S-H Seeding on the Hydration Process of Cementitious Materials 833.6 Internal Curing Functional Materials 853.6.1 Overview of Internal Curing 853.6.2 Organic Superabsorbent Polymer Materials 863.6.3 Inorganic Water-releasing Materials 953.7 Functional Aggregates 1013.7.1 The Role of Functional Aggregates 1033.7.2 Design and Preparation of Functional Aggregates 1053.7.3 Research and Development of Functional Aggregates 107References 1154 Ultra-high-strength Concrete 1194.1 Macro-defect Free Cement 1194.1.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1194.1.2 Performance, Development, and Application Potential 1214.2 Densified System of Homogeneously Arranged Ultra-fine Particles 1224.2.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1224.2.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1234.3 Compact Reinforced Composite 1244.3.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1244.3.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1254.4 Reactive Powder Concrete 1274.4.1 Formulation Principles and Preparation Process 1274.4.2 Performance and Prospects for Development and Application 1294.5 Reinforcement Mechanism of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Composite 1314.5.1 Composition and Structural Characteristics of Ultra-High-strength Cementitious Material with a Low Water–binder Ratio 1324.5.2 Factors Affecting the Strength of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Material with a Low Water–binder Ratio 1344.5.3 Reinforcement Mechanism of Ultra-high-strength Cementitious Material 135References 1375 Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1415.1 Overview of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1415.2 Design of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1445.2.1 Guidelines for the Preparation of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1445.2.2 Design Method for Ultra-high-performance Concrete Material System Based on Response Surface Methodology 1455.3 Physical and Mechanical Properties 1555.3.1 Workability 1555.3.2 Hydration and Microstructure Evolution 1585.3.3 Mechanical Properties 1645.4 Volumetric Stability 1695.4.1 Shrinkage Characteristics 1705.4.2 Shrinkage Mechanism 1715.4.3 Effect of Steel Fibers on Autogenous Shrinkage 1755.4.4 Effect of Internal Curing on Shrinkage 1795.5 Durability Properties 1835.5.1 Freeze–thaw Durability 1835.5.2 Resistance to Sulfate Attack 1865.5.3 Resistant to Chloride Ion Penetration 1905.6 Novel Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1905.6.1 Green Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1915.6.2 Lightweight Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1955.7 Application of Ultra-high-performance Concrete 1995.7.1 Ultra-high-performance Concrete for Municipal Solid Waste Pre-treatment Plants 1995.7.2 Pumpable Lightweight Ultra-high-performance Concrete for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement 202References 2036 High-performance Composite Structural Concrete 2076.1 Concrete-filled Steel Tubes Composite Material 2076.1.1 Overview 2076.1.2 Design and Control of Concrete-filled Steel Tube Expansion Properties 2096.1.3 Design of Cementitious Material Composition Matching 2176.1.4 Engineering Application of Concrete-filled Steel Tubes in Large-span Arch Bridges 2246.2 Steel-concrete/Asphalt Composite Bridge Deck Paving Structural Materials 2346.2.1 Overview 2346.2.2 Design of a New Type of Steel Box Girder Pavement Structure 2366.2.3 Design and Performance of Pavement Materials and Structures 2496.2.4 Construction Technology and Engineering Application of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement 2556.3 Composite Materials for Structural/Functional Tunnel Concrete 2646.3.1 Overview 2646.3.2 Structural Design of Tunnel Concrete Segment and Lining 2666.3.3 Properties of Concrete Segment 2756.3.4 Preparation and Engineering Application of Functional Composite Concrete Segment 2836.4 High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 2966.4.1 Overview 2966.4.2 Key Technologies for the Design and Preparation of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 2996.4.3 High-performance Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Performance Design and Modification Technology 3076.4.4 Design and Preparation Techniques for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Structures and Elements 3126.4.5 Construction and Application Technology of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 322References 3307 Novel Functional Concrete Technologies 3397.1 Recyclable Cement Concrete 3397.1.1 Overview 3397.1.2 Design Concepts for Recyclable Cement Concrete 3407.1.3 Properties of Recyclable Cement Concrete 3417.2 Resin Aggregate Concrete 3447.2.1 Overview 3447.2.2 Design Principle for Resin Aggregate Concrete 3457.2.3 Characterization of Resin Aggregate Concrete 3477.2.4 Development Trends of Resin Aggregate Concrete 3527.3 CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3537.3.1 Overview of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3537.3.2 Preparation of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3547.3.3 Performance of CO2 -driven 3D Printing Concrete 3557.3.4 Trends in 3D-printed Concrete 360References 361Index 363