Dr. Narendra K. Sharma, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology at Banasthali Vidyapith, India. He has more than eight years of teaching and research experience. Dr. Rekha Sharma, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Banasthali Vidyapith. Her specialization is in the development of water purification technologies. Dr. Tikam C. Dakal, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University (Rajasthan), India.

• Brief Biography of Editors xviiPreface xix1 Bio-nanomaterials: An Introduction 1Abhinoy Kishore, Chaitanayajit Singh, and Gurpreet Kaur1.1 Introduction 11.2 Types of Bio-nanomaterials 31.3 Integration of Nanoparticles and Biomolecules 81.4 Application of Bio-nanomaterials 161.5 Advantages of Bio-nanomaterials 281.6 Current Challenges and Future Prospects 301.7 Future Perspectives 311.8 Conclusion 32References 332 Classification and Applications of Bio-nanomaterials 47Tikam Chand Dakal, Ravi Bhushan, Ramgopal Dhakar, and Abhishek Kumar2.1 Introduction 472.2 Etymology of Nanotechnology 482.3 Why Bio-nanomaterials Are Required? 482.4 Categories of Bio-nanomaterials 492.5 Classification of Bio-nanomaterials 502.6 Application of Bio-nanomaterials 582.7 Toxicity of NPs and Nanomaterials 662.8 Conclusion 67References 683 Technologies for the Fabrication of Bio-nanomaterials 75Máaruf Abdulmumin Muhammad, Mustapha Sulaiman, Sapna Raghav, and Jyoti Raghav3.1 Introduction 753.2 Bio-nanomaterial Types 773.4 Microorganisms as Instruments for Nanofabrication 873.5 Synthesis Mediated by Plants 923.6 Production of Bio-nanomaterials via Enzymatic Process 923.7 Cellular Nanotechnology 933.8 Peptide Self-assembly 933.9 Liposome Technology 943.10 Bio-nanomaterial Applications 943.11 Issues and Prospects for the Future 953.12 Conclusion 97References 984 Desalination of Wastewater Using Bio-nanomaterials 105Sweksha Singh, Kaushiki Gupta, Manya Sharma, Harmeet Kaur, and Narendra Kumar Sharma4.1 Introduction 1054.2 Desalination Tactics 1064.3 Cursory Analysis of Traditional Desalination Techniques 1074.4 Limitations of Traditional Desalination Methods 1094.5 Emergence of Bio-nanomaterials 1094.6 Miscellaneous Use of Nano-biomaterials 1134.7 Properties of Bio-nanomaterials and Their Role in Desalination 1164.8 Bio-nanomaterials for Wastewater Desalination 1174.9 CNT Membranes for the Removal of Salt 1214.10 Carbon Nanotube-Based Purification 1234.11 Mechanisms and Influence Factors for Desalination 1244.12 The Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Impacting Water Flow Rate 1254.13 Environmental Impact and Sustainability 1264.14 Future Aspects 1274.15 Conclusion 128References 1295 Industrial Applications of Bio-nanomaterials in Textiles 133Chetan Kumar, Shivam Pandey, Gaurav Uniyal, and Ritu Painuli5.1 Introduction 1335.2 General Processes in the Textile Industry 1345.3 Conventional Textile Fibers 1355.4 Biomaterials for the Textile Industry 1355.5 Conclusion 145References 1466 Industrial Application of Bio-nanomaterials in Oil Industry 153Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire and Poornima Pandey6.1 Introduction 1536.2 Characterization of Bio-nanomaterials 1536.3 Nanomaterials for Oil and Petrochemical Industries 1576.4 Separation Techniques 1606.5 Nanomaterials for the Oil and Gas Industry 1606.6 Upstream Process 1606.7 Role of Bio-nanomaterials in Oil Recovery 1656.8 Catalytic Properties 1666.9 Conclusions and Future Prospectus 166References 1677 Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Gas Industry 173Tikam Chand Dakal, Ramgopal Dhakar, Ravi Bhushan, and Abhishek Kumar7.1 Introduction 1737.2 Why Nanotechnology in Gas Industries? 1767.3 Applications of Different Nanomaterials 1777.4 Different Types of Nanomaterials Used in Gas Industries 1807.5 Challenges of Nanomaterials Used in Gas Industries 1837.6 Future Prospects of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Gas Industries 1857.7 Conclusion 185References 1888 Industrial Application of Bio-nanomaterial in Food Industry 191Priya Chaudhary and Pracheta Janmeda8.1 Introduction 1918.2 Nanomaterials in Food Packaging 1928.3 Carbon Nanomaterials 1938.4 Silicon Nanomaterials 1948.5 Metallic Nanomaterials 1958.6 Nanocomposites 1968.7 Bio-nanocomposites 1968.8 Natural Polymers 1978.9 Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers 2038.10 Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action 2078.11 Nanobiosensor in the Food Industry 2088.12 Incorporation Techniques 2118.13 Nanotechnology in Food industry 2128.14 Environmental and Safety Issues with Food Packaging Using Bio-nanotechnology 2148.15 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 215References 2169 Industrial Application of Bio-nanomaterials in Agriculture 225Varsha Pandey, Arpita Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Nitesh Samadhiya, and Shiv Singh Tomar9.1 Introduction 2259.2 Fundamentals of Bio-nanomaterials 2269.3 Source of Bio-nanomaterials 2289.4 Difference Between Nanomaterials and Bio-nanomaterials 2309.5 Utilization of Bio-nanomaterials in Agriculture 2319.6 Future of Industrial Bio-nanomaterials 2409.7 Toxic Effects of Bio-nanomaterials in Agriculture 2429.8 Challenges and Opportunities in Commercializing Bio-nanomaterials in Agriculture 2459.9 Case Studies 2479.10 Guidelines and Regulation for Evaluation of Nano-Agri input Products and Nano-Agriproducts 2499.11 Conclusion 251References 25110 Bio-nanomaterials: Hazard, Toxicity, and Monitoring Standards 255P.C. Sreeja, K. Ramesh Chandran, Rekha Sharma, and Sapna Nehra10.1 Introduction 25510.2 Hazards Associated with Bio-nanomaterials 25610.3 Toxicity of Bio-nanomaterials 25610.4 Factors Affecting the Toxicity 25810.5 Toxicological Evaluation of Bio-nanomaterials 26110.6 Regulatory Aspect 26610.7 Conclusion 266References 26711 Challenges and Fate of Bio-nanomaterials in Industrial Applications 273Yogendra Bhaskar, Isha Goel, Vipin Ranga, and Chandan Kumar Singh11.1 Introduction 27311.2 Challenges of Bio-nanomaterials in Wastewater Management 27411.3 Challenges of Bio-nanomaterials in Textile Industries 27711.4 Challenges of Bio-nanomaterials in Oil Industries 27911.5 Challenges of Bio-nanomaterials in Gas Industries 28311.6 Challenges of Bio-nanomaterials in Food Industries 28511.7 Challenges of Bio-nanomaterials in Agriculture 287References 28812 Future Aspects in the Field of Bio-nanomaterials Toward Environmental Assessment 295Anusha Srinivas, K. Ramesh Chandran, Sapna Nehra, and Dinesh Kumar12.1 Introduction 29512.2 Evolution of Bio-nanomaterials 29812.3 Current State of Bio-nanomaterials in Environmental Assessment 30212.4 Future Prospects and Innovations 30612.5 Regulatory Frameworks and Safety Guidelines 30812.6 Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Research Directions 30812.7 Conclusion 311References 312Index 319