Chao Liu is Associate Professor at the National-Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials &Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. His research focuses on the application of the frontiers of micro-zone electrochemical technology for localized corrosion of materials and the development of new corrosion-resistant materials. Xiaogang Li is Professor at the National-Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials &Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. He is a leading international researcher on material corrosion theory.

• Preface xvii1 Corrosive Environments and Types of Steel 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Natural Corrosive Environments 11.3 Industrial Corrosive Environments 61.4 Uniform Corrosion and Localized Corrosion 81.5 Corrosion Under Stress 181.6 Corrosion in the Natural Environment 321.7 Chapter Summary 44References 462 Microelectrochemical Mechanisms of Pitting Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Stainless Steel 492.1 Introduction 492.2 Mechanism of on the MnS—Te Localized Corrosion Resistance of 15-5PH Stainless Steel 502.3 Mechanism of the RE-Te Composite Inclusions Localized Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel 632.4 Chapter Summary 81References 823 Effect of Rare Earth on the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Low-Alloy Steel 893.1 Introduction 893.2 Mechanism of Al 2 O 3 -Triggered Localized Corrosion in Q460NH Steel 903.3 Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by RE Modified Inclusion in Q460NH Steel 1013.4 Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by Zr—Ti—RE-Regulated Inclusions in Q460NH Steel 1203.5 Chapter Summary 130References 1314 Coupling Mechanism of Multicomponent Alloy Regulation Effect on Inclusion-Induced Localized Corrosion in Ca-Treated E690 Steel 1354.1 Introduction 1354.2 Investigation into the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Triggered by TiN Inclusions in E690 Steel 1364.3 Mechanism of the Ca, Mg, Te Alloy Effect on the Localized Corrosion in E690 Steel 1504.4 Effect of Ca, Sb Elements on the Localized Corrosion Mechanism Induced by Inclusion in E690 Steel Under Tropical Marine Atmosphere 1674.5 Effect of Ca/Mg Elements on the Localized Corrosion by Inclusion of E690 Steel in Tropical Marine Atmosphere 1784.6 Summary of Microscopic Mechanism of Corrosion Initiation of Steel Triggered by Inclusions 1964.7 Chapter Summary 200References 2025 Effect of Microstructure Coarsening on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel 2055.1 Introduction 2055.2 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of E 690 Steel 2065.3 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of X 80 Steel 2225.4 Chapter Summary 256References 2576 Coupled Mechanism of Inclusions and Microstructure Effect on Corrosion Initiation and Development in Steel 2616.1 Introduction 2616.2 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of 15-5PH Stainless Steel 2626.2.1 Material and Methods 2626.3 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of Q 460 Steel 2776.4 Chapter Summary 302References 3037 Effect of Microalloying Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of E690 Steel 3097.1 Introduction 3097.2 Effect and Underlying Mechanisms of Ca and Sb Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of E690 Steel in a Tropical Marine Atmosphere 3107.3 New Understanding of the Formation and Protectiveness of Corrosion Product Film on Ca—Sb—Cr -Alloyed 690MPa Weathering Steel 3317.4 Chapter Summary 345References 3468 Effect of Cu on the Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Structural Steel 3518.1 Introduction 3518.2 Effect of Cu on the Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Structural Steel 3518.3 Chapter Summary 369References 3709 Influence of Environmental Factors on the Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel to Stress Corrosion 3719.1 Introduction 3719.2 Impact of Strain Rate on the Corrosion Behavior of X80 Steel Under Disbonded Coating in Acidic Soil Environment 3729.3 SCC Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel in Trapped Solution Systems 3819.4 Chapter Summary 405References 40510 Influence of Metallurgical Factors on the Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking 41310.1 Introduction 41310.2 Effect of Magnesium Treatment on Microstructure and Hydrogen Capture of Inclusions in X70 Pipeline Steel 41410.3 Effect of Magnesium-Modified Inclusions on the Stress Corrosion Resistance of X70 Pipeline Steel 42910.4 Chapter Summary 439References 44111 Mechanism and Law of Cr and Rare Earth Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Rebar 44511.1 Introduction 44511.2 The Influence of Cr—RE on the Corrosion Behavior Under Carbonation Environment 44611.3 Electrochemical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Rebar in a Coupled Cl − /SO 2−4 Environment 46911.4 Chapter Summary 495References 49612 Influence of Shrinkage Defects on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Ductile Iron Pipe 50512.1 Introduction 50512.2 Study on the Influence Mechanism of Graphite and Defects on the Corrosion of Ductile Iron 50612.3 Kinetics Study of Shrinkage Defects: In Situ Observation 51612.4 Smart Corrosion Analysis and Lifespan Forecasting for Ductile Iron Pipeline Systems 52512.5 Chapter Summary 546References 547Index 553

Chao Liu is Associate Professor at the National-Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials &Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. His research focuses on the application of the frontiers of micro-zone electrochemical technology for localized corrosion of materials and the development of new corrosion-resistant materials. Xiaogang Li is Professor at the National-Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials &Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. He is a leading international researcher on material corrosion theory.

• Preface xvii1 Corrosive Environments and Types of Steel 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Natural Corrosive Environments 11.3 Industrial Corrosive Environments 61.4 Uniform Corrosion and Localized Corrosion 81.5 Corrosion Under Stress 181.6 Corrosion in the Natural Environment 321.7 Chapter Summary 44References 462 Microelectrochemical Mechanisms of Pitting Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Stainless Steel 492.1 Introduction 492.2 Mechanism of on the MnS—Te Localized Corrosion Resistance of 15-5PH Stainless Steel 502.3 Mechanism of the RE-Te Composite Inclusions Localized Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel 632.4 Chapter Summary 81References 823 Effect of Rare Earth on the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Low-Alloy Steel 893.1 Introduction 893.2 Mechanism of Al 2 O 3 -Triggered Localized Corrosion in Q460NH Steel 903.3 Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by RE Modified Inclusion in Q460NH Steel 1013.4 Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by Zr—Ti—RE-Regulated Inclusions in Q460NH Steel 1203.5 Chapter Summary 130References 1314 Coupling Mechanism of Multicomponent Alloy Regulation Effect on Inclusion-Induced Localized Corrosion in Ca-Treated E690 Steel 1354.1 Introduction 1354.2 Investigation into the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Triggered by TiN Inclusions in E690 Steel 1364.3 Mechanism of the Ca, Mg, Te Alloy Effect on the Localized Corrosion in E690 Steel 1504.4 Effect of Ca, Sb Elements on the Localized Corrosion Mechanism Induced by Inclusion in E690 Steel Under Tropical Marine Atmosphere 1674.5 Effect of Ca/Mg Elements on the Localized Corrosion by Inclusion of E690 Steel in Tropical Marine Atmosphere 1784.6 Summary of Microscopic Mechanism of Corrosion Initiation of Steel Triggered by Inclusions 1964.7 Chapter Summary 200References 2025 Effect of Microstructure Coarsening on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel 2055.1 Introduction 2055.2 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of E 690 Steel 2065.3 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of X 80 Steel 2225.4 Chapter Summary 256References 2576 Coupled Mechanism of Inclusions and Microstructure Effect on Corrosion Initiation and Development in Steel 2616.1 Introduction 2616.2 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of 15-5PH Stainless Steel 2626.2.1 Material and Methods 2626.3 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of Q 460 Steel 2776.4 Chapter Summary 302References 3037 Effect of Microalloying Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of E690 Steel 3097.1 Introduction 3097.2 Effect and Underlying Mechanisms of Ca and Sb Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of E690 Steel in a Tropical Marine Atmosphere 3107.3 New Understanding of the Formation and Protectiveness of Corrosion Product Film on Ca—Sb—Cr -Alloyed 690MPa Weathering Steel 3317.4 Chapter Summary 345References 3468 Effect of Cu on the Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Structural Steel 3518.1 Introduction 3518.2 Effect of Cu on the Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Structural Steel 3518.3 Chapter Summary 369References 3709 Influence of Environmental Factors on the Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel to Stress Corrosion 3719.1 Introduction 3719.2 Impact of Strain Rate on the Corrosion Behavior of X80 Steel Under Disbonded Coating in Acidic Soil Environment 3729.3 SCC Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel in Trapped Solution Systems 3819.4 Chapter Summary 405References 40510 Influence of Metallurgical Factors on the Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking 41310.1 Introduction 41310.2 Effect of Magnesium Treatment on Microstructure and Hydrogen Capture of Inclusions in X70 Pipeline Steel 41410.3 Effect of Magnesium-Modified Inclusions on the Stress Corrosion Resistance of X70 Pipeline Steel 42910.4 Chapter Summary 439References 44111 Mechanism and Law of Cr and Rare Earth Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Rebar 44511.1 Introduction 44511.2 The Influence of Cr—RE on the Corrosion Behavior Under Carbonation Environment 44611.3 Electrochemical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Rebar in a Coupled Cl − /SO 2−4 Environment 46911.4 Chapter Summary 495References 49612 Influence of Shrinkage Defects on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Ductile Iron Pipe 50512.1 Introduction 50512.2 Study on the Influence Mechanism of Graphite and Defects on the Corrosion of Ductile Iron 50612.3 Kinetics Study of Shrinkage Defects: In Situ Observation 51612.4 Smart Corrosion Analysis and Lifespan Forecasting for Ductile Iron Pipeline Systems 52512.5 Chapter Summary 546References 547Index 553

Chao Liu is Associate Professor at the National-Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials &Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. His research focuses on the application of the frontiers of micro-zone electrochemical technology for localized corrosion of materials and the development of new corrosion-resistant materials. Xiaogang Li is Professor at the National-Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials &Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. He is a leading international researcher on material corrosion theory.

• Preface xvii1 Corrosive Environments and Types of Steel 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Natural Corrosive Environments 11.3 Industrial Corrosive Environments 61.4 Uniform Corrosion and Localized Corrosion 81.5 Corrosion Under Stress 181.6 Corrosion in the Natural Environment 321.7 Chapter Summary 44References 462 Microelectrochemical Mechanisms of Pitting Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Stainless Steel 492.1 Introduction 492.2 Mechanism of on the MnS—Te Localized Corrosion Resistance of 15-5PH Stainless Steel 502.3 Mechanism of the RE-Te Composite Inclusions Localized Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel 632.4 Chapter Summary 81References 823 Effect of Rare Earth on the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Low-Alloy Steel 893.1 Introduction 893.2 Mechanism of Al 2 O 3 -Triggered Localized Corrosion in Q460NH Steel 903.3 Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by RE Modified Inclusion in Q460NH Steel 1013.4 Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Induced by Zr—Ti—RE-Regulated Inclusions in Q460NH Steel 1203.5 Chapter Summary 130References 1314 Coupling Mechanism of Multicomponent Alloy Regulation Effect on Inclusion-Induced Localized Corrosion in Ca-Treated E690 Steel 1354.1 Introduction 1354.2 Investigation into the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion Triggered by TiN Inclusions in E690 Steel 1364.3 Mechanism of the Ca, Mg, Te Alloy Effect on the Localized Corrosion in E690 Steel 1504.4 Effect of Ca, Sb Elements on the Localized Corrosion Mechanism Induced by Inclusion in E690 Steel Under Tropical Marine Atmosphere 1674.5 Effect of Ca/Mg Elements on the Localized Corrosion by Inclusion of E690 Steel in Tropical Marine Atmosphere 1784.6 Summary of Microscopic Mechanism of Corrosion Initiation of Steel Triggered by Inclusions 1964.7 Chapter Summary 200References 2025 Effect of Microstructure Coarsening on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel 2055.1 Introduction 2055.2 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of E 690 Steel 2065.3 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of X 80 Steel 2225.4 Chapter Summary 256References 2576 Coupled Mechanism of Inclusions and Microstructure Effect on Corrosion Initiation and Development in Steel 2616.1 Introduction 2616.2 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of 15-5PH Stainless Steel 2626.2.1 Material and Methods 2626.3 Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of Q 460 Steel 2776.4 Chapter Summary 302References 3037 Effect of Microalloying Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of E690 Steel 3097.1 Introduction 3097.2 Effect and Underlying Mechanisms of Ca and Sb Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of E690 Steel in a Tropical Marine Atmosphere 3107.3 New Understanding of the Formation and Protectiveness of Corrosion Product Film on Ca—Sb—Cr -Alloyed 690MPa Weathering Steel 3317.4 Chapter Summary 345References 3468 Effect of Cu on the Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Structural Steel 3518.1 Introduction 3518.2 Effect of Cu on the Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Structural Steel 3518.3 Chapter Summary 369References 3709 Influence of Environmental Factors on the Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel to Stress Corrosion 3719.1 Introduction 3719.2 Impact of Strain Rate on the Corrosion Behavior of X80 Steel Under Disbonded Coating in Acidic Soil Environment 3729.3 SCC Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel in Trapped Solution Systems 3819.4 Chapter Summary 405References 40510 Influence of Metallurgical Factors on the Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking 41310.1 Introduction 41310.2 Effect of Magnesium Treatment on Microstructure and Hydrogen Capture of Inclusions in X70 Pipeline Steel 41410.3 Effect of Magnesium-Modified Inclusions on the Stress Corrosion Resistance of X70 Pipeline Steel 42910.4 Chapter Summary 439References 44111 Mechanism and Law of Cr and Rare Earth Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Rebar 44511.1 Introduction 44511.2 The Influence of Cr—RE on the Corrosion Behavior Under Carbonation Environment 44611.3 Electrochemical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Rebar in a Coupled Cl − /SO 2−4 Environment 46911.4 Chapter Summary 495References 49612 Influence of Shrinkage Defects on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Ductile Iron Pipe 50512.1 Introduction 50512.2 Study on the Influence Mechanism of Graphite and Defects on the Corrosion of Ductile Iron 50612.3 Kinetics Study of Shrinkage Defects: In Situ Observation 51612.4 Smart Corrosion Analysis and Lifespan Forecasting for Ductile Iron Pipeline Systems 52512.5 Chapter Summary 546References 547Index 553