Properties and Applications of Advanced Materials

Savita Sharma, PhD, and V. Bhasker Raj, PhD, are Assistant Professors in the Department of Physics at Kalindi College, University of Delhi, India. They specialize in condensed matter physics and have extensive experience in materials research and advanced physics education.

• Preface xv1 Semiconductors 1Vinod Prasad, Poonam Silotia, and Varsha1.1 Introduction to Semiconductors 11.2 Mobility and Conductivity 111.3 Density of States 161.4 Electron and Hole Concentration in Doped Semiconductor 211.5 Fermi Concepts 251.6 Electrical Properties 282 Dielectric Materials 33Vikas N. Thakur, SK Cheralaahthan, Savita Sharma, and Atul Thakre2.1 Fundamentals of Dielectrics, Polarization Mechanisms, Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent, and Applications in Capacitors 332.2 Ferroelectric Materials, Structural Characteristics and Hysteresis Behavior, and Applications in Memory Devices and Sensors 382.3 Piezoelectric Materials, Principles and Properties of Piezoelectricity, Applications in Micro-positioners, Actuators, and Sonar Devices 432.4 Pyroelectric Materials, Mechanisms of Pyroelectricity, Applications in Radiation Detectors, and Thermometry 523 Magnetic Materials 61Neha Chauhan, Savita Sharma, Jeevitesh K. Rajput, and Ravikant3.1 Magnetic Classification 613.2 Applications of Magnetic Materials 633.3 Spintronics 673.4 Conclusion 684 Polymers 73Savita Sharma, Ranjit Kumar, and Hitesh Borkar4.1 Overview 734.2 Chemical Structure of Polymers 734.3 Components of Polymer Structure 744.4 Classification of Polymers 754.5 Thermoplastic Versus Thermosetting Polymers 784.6 Properties of Specific Polymers 824.7 Conducting Polymers 865 Liquid Crystals 95Onkar Mangla5.1 Introduction to Liquid Crystals 955.2 Phases and Phase Transition 1035.3 Optical Properties and Applications 1106 Carbon-Based Materials 121Aruna Sharma, Asha Kumawat, Anjali Yadav, Aprajita Gaur, Maanya Bhardwaj, and Rajesh Kumar Meena6.1 Introduction 1216.2 Structural Properties of Carbon Allotropes 1226.3 Properties and Synthesis of Fullerenes (C60) 1246.4 Single-Walled and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes 1266.5 Graphene: Structure and Energy Band Diagram 1286.6 Optical Properties of Carbon Materials 1306.7 Applications of Carbon Materials 1306.8 Conclusion 1367 Synthesis and Processing of Materials 141Kaushlendra Prasad Singh and Shalini Kumari7.1 Ceramic Materials 1417.2 Crystals and Their Growth Techniques 1537.3 Polymer Synthesis 1607.4 Conclusions 1658 Synthesis of Thin Films 169Manisha Tyagi and Biplob Barman8.1 Introduction 1698.2 Thin Films Explained 1698.3 Key Properties of Thin Films 1708.4 Where Do Vacuum Systems Fit In 1718.5 Thin-Film Deposition Techniques 1728.6 Factors Influencing Thin-Film Quality 1738.7 Thin-Film Deposition Methods 1748.8 Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques 1858.9 Applications of Thin Films 1959 Oxide-Based Materials 203Neha Sharma, Karthikeyan Kaliappan, Pragati Kumar, and Nupur Saxena9.1 Introduction to Oxide Materials 2039.2 Fabrication of Oxide Thin Films and Its Nanoparticles 2079.3 Structural and Electrical Properties of Different Oxides 2109.4 Optical Properties of the Oxide Material 2189.5 Applications of Oxide Materials 2229.6 Conclusion 22310 Optical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Viscoelastic Properties of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 231Afnan K. M. Irfan, Shilpi Khurana, and Amit Kumar10.1 Introduction 23110.2 Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 23310.3 Properties of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 23510.4 Challenges 25410.5 Summary 255Acknowledgement 255References 255Index 263