Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials

Michael Gozin is a Faculty Member of the School of Chemistry at the Tel Aviv University, Israel. Professor Gozin has authored over 100 scientific publications, and over 20 patents and patent applications. He is an Editor-in-Chief of the Energetic Materials Frontiers journal and a member of the Editorial Board of Defence Technology journal.Leonid L. Fershtat received his PhD from the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Professor Fershtat has authored over 70 scientific publications and is an Editorial Board Member of the Defence Technology and Energetic Materials Frontiers journals and a member of an Early Career Advisory Board of the Mendeleev Communications journal.

• Preface xiAbout the Editors xv1 Chemistry of Pentazole 1Ming Lu, Pengcheng Wang, Yuangang Xu, and Qiuhan Lin1.1 Introduction 11.2 Substituted Pentazoles 11.3 Strategies for the Preparation of cyclo-N5- 51.4 Complexes of Metal and cyclo-N5- 91.5 cyclo-N5--Based Nonmetallic Ionic Salts 251.6 Conclusions 432 Aromatic Fused-Ring-Based Energetic Compounds 47Kangcai Wang and Qinghua Zhang2.1 Introduction 472.2 Fused-Ring Aromatic Energetic Compounds 492.3 Conclusions 683 Advances in Computations of Nitrogen-Rich Materials 73Lei Zhang and Chuang Yao3.1 Why Computation and What Role It Plays? 733.2 Why Nitrogen-Rich HEDMs and How TheyWork? 743.3 Advances in Computation of First-Generation Nitrogen-Rich HEDMs 753.4 Advances in Computation of Second-Generation Nitrogen-Rich HEDMs 813.5 Advances in Computation of Third-Generation Nitrogen-Rich HEDMs: Polynitrogen Materials 843.6 Final Remarks 97Acknowledgement 98References 984 Laser Ignition of Energetic Transition Metal Complexes 107Maximilian Wurzenberger, Daniel Shem-Tov, and Jörg Stierstorfer4.1 Introduction 1074.2 Synthesis of Energetic Coordination Compounds 1164.3 Synthesis of Energetic Tetrazole Ligands 1164.4 Synthesis Energetic Coordination Complexes 1214.5 Examples of Molecular Structures 1224.6 Energetic Properties of Ligands and Corresponding Energetic Coordination Compounds 1224.7 UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Energetic Coordination Compounds 1284.8 Studies of Ignition Mechanism 1284.9 Conclusions 1345 Energetic 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines 139Aleksandr M. Churakov, Michael S. Klenov, Aleksey A. Voronin, and Vladimir A. Tartakovsky5.1 Introduction 1395.2 Methods of Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines 1415.3 NMR and X-ray Studies 1645.4 Thermal Stability 1685.5 Applications 177References 1796 Recent Advances in Chemistry of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Polymers and Plasticizers 189Michael Gozin and Leonid L. Fershtat6.1 Introduction 1896.2 Heterocyclic Energetic Polymers and Plasticizers 1896.3 Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Polymers Lacking Traditional Explosophoric Groups 2016.4 Azido-Rich Energetic Polymers and Plasticizers 2026.5 Azido Fluoropolymers 2166.6 Azido Plasticizers 2196.7 Nitro Group Containing Polymers 2256.8 Aromatic C-NO2 Containing Polymers 2306.9 Conclusions 234References 2347 Tetrazole Energetic Salts Based on Various Explosophores: Recent Overview of Synthesis and Energetic Properties 239Saira Manzoor, Qamar-un-nisa Tariq, and Jian-Guo Zhang7.1 Introduction 2397.2 Tetrazole-Based Energetic Salts 2417.3 Conclusion and Future Trends 2787.4 Cautions 280Acknowledgments 280References 2808 Properties and Application of Nitrogen-Rich Compound BTATz in Low-Signature Propellants 285Jianhua Yi, Zhihua Sun, Yi Xu, Zhao Qin, Changjian Wang, Bozhou Wang, Hui Li, Haijian Li, Chao Chen, Xiao Xie, and Fengqi Zhao8.1 Introduction 2858.2 Synthesis of BTATz 2868.3 Structure of BTATz 2878.4 Properties of BTATz 2908.5 Energetic Properties of the Propellants 2918.6 Plume Smoke Signature of the Propellants 2958.7 Preparation of the Propellants 2968.8 Decomposition Reaction Kinetics and Thermal Safety of the Propellants 2978.9 Combustion Properties of the Propellants 3198.10 Correlation Between PDSC Characteristic Values and Burning Rates 3248.11 Conclusions 326References 3279 Nitro-substituted Oxadiazoles: Important Building Blocks in the Synthesis of Energetic Compounds 331Philip Pagoria9.1 Introduction 3319.2 Enthalpy of Formation of Oxadiazoles 3319.3 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles 3329.4 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles 3399.5 Furazans (1,2,5-Oxadiazole) and Furoxans (1,2,5-Oxadiazole-2-Oxides) 3449.6 Summary 36510 Insensitive High Explosives Containing Tetraazapentalene Moiety 377Ernst-Christian Koch10.1 Introduction 37710.2 Synthesis of TACOT Derivatives 37710.3 Crystal and Molecular Structure 38310.4 Spectroscopy 38510.4.1 NMR Spectroscopy 38510.5 Thermochemistry 38610.6 Detonation Performance 38810.7 Thermal Behavior 39010.8 Sensitivity 39110.9 Conclusions 392Acknowledgments 392Abbreviations 392References 39311 Nitrogen-Rich Pyrotechnic Materials for Light and Smoke 397Thomas M. Klapötke and Magdalena Rusan11.1 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics 39711.2 Smokes 40511.2.1 White Smoke 41111.2.2 Colored Smoke 412Acknowledgments 413References 413Index 415