It is a book that presents a study and analysis of social, literary, mental, and religious groups that appeared in the second Abbasid era, composed by Ahmed Amin, and it came in four parts, each of which dealt with an aspect of the development of Islamic thought in that era related to social and religious. In the first part, the axis of the analysis was built on the description of the social and mental states, and the mental life included in the flags, currents and schools, and this was since the era of the trustees to the late fourth century AH, and this period represents a wide field of research, and a fertile production from the history of Islamic civilization. In the second part, it is transmitted to the history of science, arts and literature in the fourth century AH; And that is in a research derived from the sciences of interpretation, hadith, jurisprudence, theology, ethics, philosophy and mysticism, and exposed to grammar, exchange, rhetoric, literature, geography, art, transplantation, trade, administration and the judiciary as well. The third part of the study of mental life in Andalusia has been devoted from the conquest of Muslims until they were taken out of it. As for the fourth, it dealt with Islamic doctrines and beliefs, its development, its struggle and its future.
