This manual provides comprehensive information on the methods employed in the clinical examination of herd and individual animals, including history-taking related to production diseases of animals and laboratory techniques for confirmatory diagnosis of diseases. It covers all practical aspects of clinical examination of animals and commonly used laboratory techniques, such as ruminal fluid examination, CSF examination, bone marrow and lymph node biopsy, blood transfusion, enzymology, and other biochemical parameters, for the diagnosis of metabolic and production diseases.The methods are presented in a straightforward manner to enable undergraduate students to use them directly in the laboratory. The manual also includes thought-provoking questions at the end of each exercise, which allow students to apply their knowledge and correlate the results with clinical signs of the diseases, aiding in the confirmatory diagnosis of diseases. Additionally, this manual will be beneficial for postgraduate students pursuing a masters degree in veterinary medicine.
