Manoj V. Parakhia: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, IndiaRukam S. Tomar: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, IndiaSunil V Patel: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, India.B.A. Golakiya: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, India.

• 1. Laboratory safety rules. 2. Milestones in DNA history and biotechnology. 3. Contribution in development of DNA and biotechnology. 4. Equipments required in a molecular marker laboratory. 5. Basic calculations used in microbial biotechnology. 6. Basic principals in preparation of reagents required in microbial biotechnology. 7. Isolation of bacterial genomic DNA. 8. Isolation of RNA from yeast. 9. Nucleotide composition of RNA. 10. DNA melting point determination. 11. Quantitative determination of DNA by DPA method and spectroscopic method. 12. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method. 13. Electrophoresis. 14. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. 15. Polymerase chain reaction. 16. Restriction enzyme digestion. 17. Extraction of DNA fragments from Agarose Gel. 18. Isolation the Mammalian DNA from whole blood. 19. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from bacteria. 20. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 21. Amplified Fragment Leanth Polymorphism (AFLP). 22. Southern blotting. 23. Ligation of insert DNA to Vector DNA. 24. Bacterial transformation. 25. Detection of plasmid by transformation. 26. Conjugation in E.Coli by plate method. 27. Isolation of Lactose non fermentor mutants of E.Coli by Physical mutagenesis. 28. Isolation of auxotrophic mutant by chemical (5 Bu) mutagenesis. 29. Mutagenesis (direct selection). 30. Mutagenesis (indirect selection). 31. Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer from bacteria to plant. 32. Western blotting. 33. Northern blotting. 34. PCR-sequencing. 35. Overview of metagenomics. 36. Calculation of similarity index values and construction of Dendrogram using NTSYSpc 2.0.

Manoj V. Parakhia: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, IndiaRukam S. Tomar: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, IndiaSunil V Patel: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, India.B.A. Golakiya: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, India.

• 1. Laboratory safety rules. 2. Milestones in DNA history and biotechnology. 3. Contribution in development of DNA and biotechnology. 4. Equipments required in a molecular marker laboratory. 5. Basic calculations used in microbial biotechnology. 6. Basic principals in preparation of reagents required in microbial biotechnology. 7. Isolation of bacterial genomic DNA. 8. Isolation of RNA from yeast. 9. Nucleotide composition of RNA. 10. DNA melting point determination. 11. Quantitative determination of DNA by DPA method and spectroscopic method. 12. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method. 13. Electrophoresis. 14. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. 15. Polymerase chain reaction. 16. Restriction enzyme digestion. 17. Extraction of DNA fragments from Agarose Gel. 18. Isolation the Mammalian DNA from whole blood. 19. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from bacteria. 20. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 21. Amplified Fragment Leanth Polymorphism (AFLP). 22. Southern blotting. 23. Ligation of insert DNA to Vector DNA. 24. Bacterial transformation. 25. Detection of plasmid by transformation. 26. Conjugation in E.Coli by plate method. 27. Isolation of Lactose non fermentor mutants of E.Coli by Physical mutagenesis. 28. Isolation of auxotrophic mutant by chemical (5 Bu) mutagenesis. 29. Mutagenesis (direct selection). 30. Mutagenesis (indirect selection). 31. Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer from bacteria to plant. 32. Western blotting. 33. Northern blotting. 34. PCR-sequencing. 35. Overview of metagenomics. 36. Calculation of similarity index values and construction of Dendrogram using NTSYSpc 2.0.

Manoj V. Parakhia: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, IndiaRukam S. Tomar: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, IndiaSunil V Patel: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, India.B.A. Golakiya: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, India.

• 1. Laboratory safety rules. 2. Milestones in DNA history and biotechnology. 3. Contribution in development of DNA and biotechnology. 4. Equipments required in a molecular marker laboratory. 5. Basic calculations used in microbial biotechnology. 6. Basic principals in preparation of reagents required in microbial biotechnology. 7. Isolation of bacterial genomic DNA. 8. Isolation of RNA from yeast. 9. Nucleotide composition of RNA. 10. DNA melting point determination. 11. Quantitative determination of DNA by DPA method and spectroscopic method. 12. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method. 13. Electrophoresis. 14. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. 15. Polymerase chain reaction. 16. Restriction enzyme digestion. 17. Extraction of DNA fragments from Agarose Gel. 18. Isolation the Mammalian DNA from whole blood. 19. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from bacteria. 20. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 21. Amplified Fragment Leanth Polymorphism (AFLP). 22. Southern blotting. 23. Ligation of insert DNA to Vector DNA. 24. Bacterial transformation. 25. Detection of plasmid by transformation. 26. Conjugation in E.Coli by plate method. 27. Isolation of Lactose non fermentor mutants of E.Coli by Physical mutagenesis. 28. Isolation of auxotrophic mutant by chemical (5 Bu) mutagenesis. 29. Mutagenesis (direct selection). 30. Mutagenesis (indirect selection). 31. Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer from bacteria to plant. 32. Western blotting. 33. Northern blotting. 34. PCR-sequencing. 35. Overview of metagenomics. 36. Calculation of similarity index values and construction of Dendrogram using NTSYSpc 2.0.