Rukam S. Tomar: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat. ProfessorManoj V. Parakhia:Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, ProfessorSunil V.Patel: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat. Professor.B.A. Golakiya: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat.

• 1. Milestones in DNA history and biotechnology. 2. Equipments required in a molecular marker laboratory. 3. Isolation, purification and quantification of genomic DNA from plants. 4. Isolation, purification and quantification of RNA from plants. 5. Electrophoresis. 6. Molecular weight markers for gel electrophoresis. 7. Polycrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). 8. Gel electrophoresis of protein. 9. Isoenzyme. 10. Extraction of DNA fragments from Agarose Gel. 11. Why molecular markers? 12. Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA and its Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. 13. Thermocyclers (PCR Machines). 14. Modifications of basic PCR technique. 15. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 16. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). 17. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). 18. Simple sequence repeats (Microsatellite). 19. Variable number of Tandem repeats (Minisatellite). 20. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). 21. Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR). 22. Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS). 23. Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP). 24. Retrotransposon-based markers (S-SAP, IRAP, REMAP, RBIP, RGAS, SNP). 25. Silver staining. 26. Basics of marker assisted selection in crop plants.27. Mapping populations. 28. QTL mapping. 29. Southern blotting. 30. Western blotting. 31. Northern blotting. 32. Eastern blotting. 33. DNA sequencing and designing of primers. 34. Gene transfer to plant. 35. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH). 36. Genotypic Barcoding. 37. mtDNA. 38. MicroRNA. 39. Graphical approach to calculate molecular weights of DNA/protein fragments. 40. Calculation of similarity index values and construction of Dendrogram using NTSYSpc 2.0.

Rukam S. Tomar: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat. ProfessorManoj V. Parakhia:Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, ProfessorSunil V.Patel: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat. Professor.B.A. Golakiya: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat.

• 1. Milestones in DNA history and biotechnology. 2. Equipments required in a molecular marker laboratory. 3. Isolation, purification and quantification of genomic DNA from plants. 4. Isolation, purification and quantification of RNA from plants. 5. Electrophoresis. 6. Molecular weight markers for gel electrophoresis. 7. Polycrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). 8. Gel electrophoresis of protein. 9. Isoenzyme. 10. Extraction of DNA fragments from Agarose Gel. 11. Why molecular markers? 12. Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA and its Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. 13. Thermocyclers (PCR Machines). 14. Modifications of basic PCR technique. 15. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 16. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). 17. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). 18. Simple sequence repeats (Microsatellite). 19. Variable number of Tandem repeats (Minisatellite). 20. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). 21. Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR). 22. Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS). 23. Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP). 24. Retrotransposon-based markers (S-SAP, IRAP, REMAP, RBIP, RGAS, SNP). 25. Silver staining. 26. Basics of marker assisted selection in crop plants.27. Mapping populations. 28. QTL mapping. 29. Southern blotting. 30. Western blotting. 31. Northern blotting. 32. Eastern blotting. 33. DNA sequencing and designing of primers. 34. Gene transfer to plant. 35. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH). 36. Genotypic Barcoding. 37. mtDNA. 38. MicroRNA. 39. Graphical approach to calculate molecular weights of DNA/protein fragments. 40. Calculation of similarity index values and construction of Dendrogram using NTSYSpc 2.0.

Rukam S. Tomar: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat. ProfessorManoj V. Parakhia:Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat, ProfessorSunil V.Patel: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat. Professor.B.A. Golakiya: Department of Biochemistry, Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh 362 001, Gujarat.

• 1. Milestones in DNA history and biotechnology. 2. Equipments required in a molecular marker laboratory. 3. Isolation, purification and quantification of genomic DNA from plants. 4. Isolation, purification and quantification of RNA from plants. 5. Electrophoresis. 6. Molecular weight markers for gel electrophoresis. 7. Polycrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). 8. Gel electrophoresis of protein. 9. Isoenzyme. 10. Extraction of DNA fragments from Agarose Gel. 11. Why molecular markers? 12. Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA and its Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. 13. Thermocyclers (PCR Machines). 14. Modifications of basic PCR technique. 15. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 16. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). 17. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). 18. Simple sequence repeats (Microsatellite). 19. Variable number of Tandem repeats (Minisatellite). 20. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). 21. Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR). 22. Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS). 23. Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP). 24. Retrotransposon-based markers (S-SAP, IRAP, REMAP, RBIP, RGAS, SNP). 25. Silver staining. 26. Basics of marker assisted selection in crop plants.27. Mapping populations. 28. QTL mapping. 29. Southern blotting. 30. Western blotting. 31. Northern blotting. 32. Eastern blotting. 33. DNA sequencing and designing of primers. 34. Gene transfer to plant. 35. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH). 36. Genotypic Barcoding. 37. mtDNA. 38. MicroRNA. 39. Graphical approach to calculate molecular weights of DNA/protein fragments. 40. Calculation of similarity index values and construction of Dendrogram using NTSYSpc 2.0.