Israel Ephʿal is professor emeritus of History of the Jewish People and of Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Leut.-Col. (ret.), IDF. He is author of The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th-5th Centuries BC; (with (J. Naveh) Aramaic Ostraca of the Fourth Century BC from Idumaea, and of papers on the history of the People and the Land of Israel in the 9th-4th centuries BC, on epigraphy, and on ancient Near Eastern military history.

• ContentsChapter One: IntroductionI. What is iege arfare?II. Purpose of the Book and Method of Discussion Chapter Two: SourcesI. Literary SourcesII. Non-literary DocumentsIII. Artistic Representations of Siege WarfareIV. Archaeological EvidenceChapter Three: Military AspectsI. The Blockade II. The Breakthrough Chapter Four: Legal and Economic AspectsI. IntroductionII. The Babylonian Siege Documents III. Documents of Siege and Hardship from Emar IV. The Legal Significance of the Hardship Formulae V. “Charitable Deeds” Chapter Five: Social AspectsI. Between Man and God II. Public Life

Israel Ephʿal is professor emeritus of History of the Jewish People and of Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Leut.-Col. (ret.), IDF. He is author of The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th-5th Centuries BC; (with (J. Naveh) Aramaic Ostraca of the Fourth Century BC from Idumaea, and of papers on the history of the People and the Land of Israel in the 9th-4th centuries BC, on epigraphy, and on ancient Near Eastern military history.

• ContentsChapter One: IntroductionI. What is iege arfare?II. Purpose of the Book and Method of Discussion Chapter Two: SourcesI. Literary SourcesII. Non-literary DocumentsIII. Artistic Representations of Siege WarfareIV. Archaeological EvidenceChapter Three: Military AspectsI. The Blockade II. The Breakthrough Chapter Four: Legal and Economic AspectsI. IntroductionII. The Babylonian Siege Documents III. Documents of Siege and Hardship from Emar IV. The Legal Significance of the Hardship Formulae V. “Charitable Deeds” Chapter Five: Social AspectsI. Between Man and God II. Public Life

Israel Ephʿal is professor emeritus of History of the Jewish People and of Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Leut.-Col. (ret.), IDF. He is author of The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th-5th Centuries BC; (with (J. Naveh) Aramaic Ostraca of the Fourth Century BC from Idumaea, and of papers on the history of the People and the Land of Israel in the 9th-4th centuries BC, on epigraphy, and on ancient Near Eastern military history.

• ContentsChapter One: IntroductionI. What is iege arfare?II. Purpose of the Book and Method of Discussion Chapter Two: SourcesI. Literary SourcesII. Non-literary DocumentsIII. Artistic Representations of Siege WarfareIV. Archaeological EvidenceChapter Three: Military AspectsI. The Blockade II. The Breakthrough Chapter Four: Legal and Economic AspectsI. IntroductionII. The Babylonian Siege Documents III. Documents of Siege and Hardship from Emar IV. The Legal Significance of the Hardship Formulae V. “Charitable Deeds” Chapter Five: Social AspectsI. Between Man and God II. Public Life