Tudor Salagean is an associate professor of Heritage and Medieval History at the “Babes Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and also the manager of the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography. He is the author of a number of monographs and articles on Transylvanian history and heritage.

• ContentsList of Maps viiIntroduction 11 The Mongol Invasion and Its Aftermath 41.1 Prerequisites 41.2 The Organization of Transylvania’s Defense 161.3 The Campaign 251.4 The Tartar Retreat: The Second Devastation of Transylvania 301.5 The Aftermath of the Invasion 342 From the Mongol Retreat to the Transylvanian Duchy (1243–1257) 492.1 Transylvania and the Council of Lyon 492.2 The Years of Recovery (1243–1248) 532.3 The Decade with No History (1248–1257) 583 The Duchy of Transylvania 633.1 Reinstating the Duchy of Transylvania 633.2 The Banate of Transylvania (1258–1261) 683.3 Civil Wars 713.4 Political and Social Change 904 Political Crisis in the First Years of Ladislas the Cuman’s Reign:Attempts to Restore the Duchy of Transylvania 1084.1 The Voivode Nicholas Geregye (1272–1274) 1084.2 Transylvania under the Rule of the Csák Kindred (1274–1277) 1124.3 The Saxon Rebellion (1277–1279) 1194.4 The Aristocratic Triumvirate of 1278: The Domination of the AbaKindred in Transylvania (1279–1282) 1245 Regnum Transilvanum: The Rise of the Congregational Regime 1305.1 The Voivode Roland Borsa 1305.2 The Mongol Invasion of 1285 1355.3 Ladislas the Cuman and Transylvania 1385.4 The Rise of the Congregational Regime 1435.5 Ladislas iv and the Romanians of Transylvania 1485.6 The End of Ladislas iv’s Reign 1515.7 The “Constitutional” Reform of King Andrew iii 1535.8 The End of Roland Borsa’s Rule (1294) 1565.9 Regnum Transylvanum 1576 Ladislas Kán (1294–1315): The Transylvanian Nobles and theCongregational Regime 1666.1 The Beginnings of Ladislas Kán’s Power 1666.2 A Nearly Sovereign Transylvania (1301–1310) 1756.3 The Major Coordinates of Kan’s Internal Policy 1856.4 External Policy: Transylvania’s Involvement in the Competitionfor the Hungarian Crown 2026.5 The Compromise of 1310 and Its Consequences 2147 Charles Robert and Transylvania 2297.1 Civil War (1316–1322) 2297.2 The Political Regime of the Restoration 237Conclusions 244Annexes 2491 General Congregations and Noble Congregations of Transylvania(1288–1322) 2492 Dukes of Transylvania 2513 Voivodes and vicevoivodes of Transylvania 2514 Counts of the Transylvanian Counties 2525 Counts of the Szeklers 2546 Bishops of Transylvania 2557 Provosts of the Chapter of Transylvanian Church 2558 Archdeans of the Transylvanian Church 2569 Provosts of Sibiu 257Bibliography 258Index 274