Lawrin Armstrong (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1996) is Associate Professor of Medieval Studies and Associate Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto. His research focuses on the relationship between economics and law in late medieval and Renaissance Italy.Ivana Elbl (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1986) is Associate Professor of History, Trent University, and Chief Editor of the Portuguese Studies Review. Her research focuses on societal dynamics of the late medieval Portugal and the early Portuguese overseas expansion.Martin Elbl (M.A, University of Toronto, 1981) is adjunct member of the Department of History, Trent University, and Associate Editor of the Portuguese Studies Review. His research and publications focus on late medieval Italian and Iberian relations with North Africa.

"this Festschrift in honor of the revered John Munro contains original and remarkable work, ... [The studies] are all characterized by a notable wealth of historical evidence, references, and sources. Given the scope of topics and the diversity of approaches, the volume should be of great interest to a wide range of scholars in diverse fields" - Karine van der Beek, in: EH.Net (September 2007)"in its range and diversity the collection is a fine tribute to Munro’s work, and the bibliographies, not least that of his own publications, provide most valuable references." - Pamela Nightingale, in: Economic History Review, 61, 1 (2008)

• Preface Herman Van der WeeMoney and EthicsLaw, Ethics and Economy: Gerard of Siena and Giovanni d’Andrea on UsuryLawrin ArmstrongMax Weber and Usury: Implications for Historical Research Lutz KaelberTaxation and RevenueThe King’s Business in Africa: Decisions and Strategies of the Portuguese Crown Ivana ElblCivic Debt, Civic Taxes, and Urban Unrest: A Catalan Key to Interpreting the Late Fourteenth-Century European CrisisJeffrey Fynn-PaulTolls and Trade in Medieval EnglandJames MasschaeleExpenditure and WarCalculating Profits and Losses during the Hundred Years War Kelly DeVriesThe Cost of Majesty: Financial Reform and the Development of the Royal Court in Portugal and England at the Turn of the Sixteenth CenturySusannah C. Humble FerreiraWarfare, Shipping, and Crown Patronage: The Economic Impact of the Hundred Years War on the English Port TownsMaryanne KowaleskiLand and LabourPeasant Servitude in Later Medieval Provence: Archaism or Innovation? John DrendelBargaining Power and Institutional Change: Seven Centuries of Italian Sharecropping Contracts, 821 to 1517 A.D.Francesco GalassiMarket IntegrationA Test Case for Regional Market Integration? The Grain Trade between Malta and Sicily in the Fifteenth CenturyMark AloisioCapital Market and Central Place Function in Thirteenth-Century Ypres David NicholasThresholds for Market Integration in the Low Countries and England in the Fifteenth Century Richard W. UngerLong-Distance Trade and MarketsEgyptian Specie Markets and the International Gold Crisis of the Fifteenth Century Ian BlanchardFrom Venice to the Tuat: Trans-Saharan Copper Trade and Francesco di Marco Datini of Prato Martin Malcolm ElblThe Borromei Bank Research Project Francesco Guidi Bruscoli and J. L. BoltonRegional and Local MarketsShops and Shopping in the Thirteenth Century: Three Texts Martha CarlinMovable/Immovable, What’s in a Name?— The Case of Late Medieval Ghent Martha HowellCultivation and Consumption: Medieval Lübeck’s Gardens Charlotte Masemann

Lawrin Armstrong (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1996) is Associate Professor of Medieval Studies and Associate Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto. His research focuses on the relationship between economics and law in late medieval and Renaissance Italy.Ivana Elbl (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1986) is Associate Professor of History, Trent University, and Chief Editor of the Portuguese Studies Review. Her research focuses on societal dynamics of the late medieval Portugal and the early Portuguese overseas expansion.Martin Elbl (M.A, University of Toronto, 1981) is adjunct member of the Department of History, Trent University, and Associate Editor of the Portuguese Studies Review. His research and publications focus on late medieval Italian and Iberian relations with North Africa.

"this Festschrift in honor of the revered John Munro contains original and remarkable work, ... [The studies] are all characterized by a notable wealth of historical evidence, references, and sources. Given the scope of topics and the diversity of approaches, the volume should be of great interest to a wide range of scholars in diverse fields" - Karine van der Beek, in: EH.Net (September 2007)"in its range and diversity the collection is a fine tribute to Munro’s work, and the bibliographies, not least that of his own publications, provide most valuable references." - Pamela Nightingale, in: Economic History Review, 61, 1 (2008)

• Preface Herman Van der WeeMoney and EthicsLaw, Ethics and Economy: Gerard of Siena and Giovanni d’Andrea on UsuryLawrin ArmstrongMax Weber and Usury: Implications for Historical Research Lutz KaelberTaxation and RevenueThe King’s Business in Africa: Decisions and Strategies of the Portuguese Crown Ivana ElblCivic Debt, Civic Taxes, and Urban Unrest: A Catalan Key to Interpreting the Late Fourteenth-Century European CrisisJeffrey Fynn-PaulTolls and Trade in Medieval EnglandJames MasschaeleExpenditure and WarCalculating Profits and Losses during the Hundred Years War Kelly DeVriesThe Cost of Majesty: Financial Reform and the Development of the Royal Court in Portugal and England at the Turn of the Sixteenth CenturySusannah C. Humble FerreiraWarfare, Shipping, and Crown Patronage: The Economic Impact of the Hundred Years War on the English Port TownsMaryanne KowaleskiLand and LabourPeasant Servitude in Later Medieval Provence: Archaism or Innovation? John DrendelBargaining Power and Institutional Change: Seven Centuries of Italian Sharecropping Contracts, 821 to 1517 A.D.Francesco GalassiMarket IntegrationA Test Case for Regional Market Integration? The Grain Trade between Malta and Sicily in the Fifteenth CenturyMark AloisioCapital Market and Central Place Function in Thirteenth-Century Ypres David NicholasThresholds for Market Integration in the Low Countries and England in the Fifteenth Century Richard W. UngerLong-Distance Trade and MarketsEgyptian Specie Markets and the International Gold Crisis of the Fifteenth Century Ian BlanchardFrom Venice to the Tuat: Trans-Saharan Copper Trade and Francesco di Marco Datini of Prato Martin Malcolm ElblThe Borromei Bank Research Project Francesco Guidi Bruscoli and J. L. BoltonRegional and Local MarketsShops and Shopping in the Thirteenth Century: Three Texts Martha CarlinMovable/Immovable, What’s in a Name?— The Case of Late Medieval Ghent Martha HowellCultivation and Consumption: Medieval Lübeck’s Gardens Charlotte Masemann

Lawrin Armstrong (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1996) is Associate Professor of Medieval Studies and Associate Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto. His research focuses on the relationship between economics and law in late medieval and Renaissance Italy.Ivana Elbl (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1986) is Associate Professor of History, Trent University, and Chief Editor of the Portuguese Studies Review. Her research focuses on societal dynamics of the late medieval Portugal and the early Portuguese overseas expansion.Martin Elbl (M.A, University of Toronto, 1981) is adjunct member of the Department of History, Trent University, and Associate Editor of the Portuguese Studies Review. His research and publications focus on late medieval Italian and Iberian relations with North Africa.

"this Festschrift in honor of the revered John Munro contains original and remarkable work, ... [The studies] are all characterized by a notable wealth of historical evidence, references, and sources. Given the scope of topics and the diversity of approaches, the volume should be of great interest to a wide range of scholars in diverse fields" - Karine van der Beek, in: EH.Net (September 2007)"in its range and diversity the collection is a fine tribute to Munro’s work, and the bibliographies, not least that of his own publications, provide most valuable references." - Pamela Nightingale, in: Economic History Review, 61, 1 (2008)

• Preface Herman Van der WeeMoney and EthicsLaw, Ethics and Economy: Gerard of Siena and Giovanni d’Andrea on UsuryLawrin ArmstrongMax Weber and Usury: Implications for Historical Research Lutz KaelberTaxation and RevenueThe King’s Business in Africa: Decisions and Strategies of the Portuguese Crown Ivana ElblCivic Debt, Civic Taxes, and Urban Unrest: A Catalan Key to Interpreting the Late Fourteenth-Century European CrisisJeffrey Fynn-PaulTolls and Trade in Medieval EnglandJames MasschaeleExpenditure and WarCalculating Profits and Losses during the Hundred Years War Kelly DeVriesThe Cost of Majesty: Financial Reform and the Development of the Royal Court in Portugal and England at the Turn of the Sixteenth CenturySusannah C. Humble FerreiraWarfare, Shipping, and Crown Patronage: The Economic Impact of the Hundred Years War on the English Port TownsMaryanne KowaleskiLand and LabourPeasant Servitude in Later Medieval Provence: Archaism or Innovation? John DrendelBargaining Power and Institutional Change: Seven Centuries of Italian Sharecropping Contracts, 821 to 1517 A.D.Francesco GalassiMarket IntegrationA Test Case for Regional Market Integration? The Grain Trade between Malta and Sicily in the Fifteenth CenturyMark AloisioCapital Market and Central Place Function in Thirteenth-Century Ypres David NicholasThresholds for Market Integration in the Low Countries and England in the Fifteenth Century Richard W. UngerLong-Distance Trade and MarketsEgyptian Specie Markets and the International Gold Crisis of the Fifteenth Century Ian BlanchardFrom Venice to the Tuat: Trans-Saharan Copper Trade and Francesco di Marco Datini of Prato Martin Malcolm ElblThe Borromei Bank Research Project Francesco Guidi Bruscoli and J. L. BoltonRegional and Local MarketsShops and Shopping in the Thirteenth Century: Three Texts Martha CarlinMovable/Immovable, What’s in a Name?— The Case of Late Medieval Ghent Martha HowellCultivation and Consumption: Medieval Lübeck’s Gardens Charlotte Masemann