Hilary Palmer, BA Exeter /History/Politics (1995), Postgraduate Certificate of Education (1996), MA Exeter History (1998), Teaching Fellow in Politics Department University of Exeter 1996-2010 (Retired). Currently Honorary Associate Research Fellow (University of Exeter). Published three articles on O’Neill/exploration including ‘Lieutenant H.E. O’Neill The Reverend W.P. Johnson: The Controversy Surrounding the True Source of the Lujenda River…’ in Terrae Incognitae, Volume 36 (2004).Malyn Newitt, BA Oxford (1961), PhD London. Current position: Emeritus Professor of History, King’s College, London. Publications include Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi (1973), Portugal in Africa (1981), History of Mozambique (1995), History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion (2005).

"Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century est constitué de la biographie d'un marin devenu consul britannique (le troisième: 1879 - 1889) au Mozambique, suivie de la publication du manuscrit d'un livre jamais publié (c'est, hélas, fréquent) reprenant les texes de plusieurs articles de l'auteur (Henry Edward O'Neill) résumant 13 voyages d'exploration entre le Zambèze et le Rovuma, avec une pointe au Sud-Mozambique." - René Pélissier, in: Africana Studia, No. 25 (2015), p. 176"...the book conveys interesting and important direct observations about and engagements with the trade, production, cultures and peoples of Northern Mozambique. This is a primary source, a historical narrative, a biography, and much more." - Jeanne Marie Penvenne, in: Luso-Brazilian Review, vol. 54 no. 2 (2017), pp. E21-E22

• General Series Editor’s Preface ... viiAcknowledgements ... xList of Illustrations and Maps ... xiGlossary ... xiiPART 1: IntroductionLieutenant Henry Edward O’Neill ... 3Prologue ... 3The Life and Career of Henry Edward O’Neill from 1848 to 1879 ... 10The Consuls and their Work 1857–1885 ... 24Consul O’Neill’s Journeys 1879–1885 ... 38Henry Edward O’Neill, the Later Years 1885–1925 ... 48Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century ... 58The Slave Trade in Eastern Africa in the 1880s ... 76PART 2: The Makua and Lomwe Countries of Eastern Africa1 Sketch of Two Voyages, North of Mozambique – in 1880 ... 97First voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Pemba Bay. May & June /80 ... 97Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Cape Delgado. Oct. & Nov. /80 ... 1212 Sketch of Three Voyages, South of Mozambique – in 1881 and 1882 ... 137First voyage: Journey through the Kivolani – Umfussi districts, South of Mokambo Bay Feb/81 ... 137Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Angoche, and intermediate ports July/81 ... 141Third voyage: From Mozambique to the Moma River. March & April/82 ... 1463 First Journey in Makua and Lomwe Countries, West of Mozambique – in 1881 ... 1504 Visit to Fernão Veloso, and Discovery and Survey of Nakala and Kisima Julu Bays – in 1881 ... 1745 Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Discovery of Lake Lidedi and Visit to Mavia Tribe, with Voyage to Kissanga and Neighbourhood – 1882 ... 189First voyage: From Mozambique to Ibo and adjacent ports March & April/81 ... 189Second voyage: Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Sept. – Oct. 1882 ... 1966 From Mozambique to Lake Shirwa, Including Discovery of Lakes, Amaramba and Chiūta the True Sources of the Lugenda River 1883 ... 211Part I From Mozambique through the Makua and Lomwe Countries to Lake Shirwa, June to September 1883 ... 211Part II Exploration of the Northern and North-Eastern shores of Lake Shirwa and discovery of the Lakes Amaramba and Chiūta, the truesources of the Lugenda River ... 242Part III Return journey from Lake Shirwa to the Mozambique coast at Angoche, November 1883 to January 1884 ... 2567 From Quillimane to Blantyre in the Shiré Highlands and Thence Overland to the Coast – 1884 ... 278AppendicesAppendix 1 A Catalogue of the Published Papers of Henry Edward O’Neill ... 303Appendix 2 Notes by Consul O’Neill upon Agriculture and Labour in the Province of Mozambique, 15 March 1883 ... 305Appendix 3 Comparative Table of Makua and the Dialects of Angoche and Ibo ... 320Appendix 4 Table of Native Names of Places Between Mozambique and Pemba Bays ... 322Appendix 5 Letter Relating to ‘the New Slave Trade’ ... 324Appendix 6 Caravan Route from Kissanga to the Nyassa Lake ... 328Bibliography ... 330Index ... 342

Hilary Palmer, BA Exeter /History/Politics (1995), Postgraduate Certificate of Education (1996), MA Exeter History (1998), Teaching Fellow in Politics Department University of Exeter 1996-2010 (Retired). Currently Honorary Associate Research Fellow (University of Exeter). Published three articles on O’Neill/exploration including ‘Lieutenant H.E. O’Neill The Reverend W.P. Johnson: The Controversy Surrounding the True Source of the Lujenda River…’ in Terrae Incognitae, Volume 36 (2004).Malyn Newitt, BA Oxford (1961), PhD London. Current position: Emeritus Professor of History, King’s College, London. Publications include Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi (1973), Portugal in Africa (1981), History of Mozambique (1995), History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion (2005).

"Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century est constitué de la biographie d'un marin devenu consul britannique (le troisième: 1879 - 1889) au Mozambique, suivie de la publication du manuscrit d'un livre jamais publié (c'est, hélas, fréquent) reprenant les texes de plusieurs articles de l'auteur (Henry Edward O'Neill) résumant 13 voyages d'exploration entre le Zambèze et le Rovuma, avec une pointe au Sud-Mozambique." - René Pélissier, in: Africana Studia, No. 25 (2015), p. 176"...the book conveys interesting and important direct observations about and engagements with the trade, production, cultures and peoples of Northern Mozambique. This is a primary source, a historical narrative, a biography, and much more." - Jeanne Marie Penvenne, in: Luso-Brazilian Review, vol. 54 no. 2 (2017), pp. E21-E22

• General Series Editor’s Preface ... viiAcknowledgements ... xList of Illustrations and Maps ... xiGlossary ... xiiPART 1: IntroductionLieutenant Henry Edward O’Neill ... 3Prologue ... 3The Life and Career of Henry Edward O’Neill from 1848 to 1879 ... 10The Consuls and their Work 1857–1885 ... 24Consul O’Neill’s Journeys 1879–1885 ... 38Henry Edward O’Neill, the Later Years 1885–1925 ... 48Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century ... 58The Slave Trade in Eastern Africa in the 1880s ... 76PART 2: The Makua and Lomwe Countries of Eastern Africa1 Sketch of Two Voyages, North of Mozambique – in 1880 ... 97First voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Pemba Bay. May & June /80 ... 97Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Cape Delgado. Oct. & Nov. /80 ... 1212 Sketch of Three Voyages, South of Mozambique – in 1881 and 1882 ... 137First voyage: Journey through the Kivolani – Umfussi districts, South of Mokambo Bay Feb/81 ... 137Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Angoche, and intermediate ports July/81 ... 141Third voyage: From Mozambique to the Moma River. March & April/82 ... 1463 First Journey in Makua and Lomwe Countries, West of Mozambique – in 1881 ... 1504 Visit to Fernão Veloso, and Discovery and Survey of Nakala and Kisima Julu Bays – in 1881 ... 1745 Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Discovery of Lake Lidedi and Visit to Mavia Tribe, with Voyage to Kissanga and Neighbourhood – 1882 ... 189First voyage: From Mozambique to Ibo and adjacent ports March & April/81 ... 189Second voyage: Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Sept. – Oct. 1882 ... 1966 From Mozambique to Lake Shirwa, Including Discovery of Lakes, Amaramba and Chiūta the True Sources of the Lugenda River 1883 ... 211Part I From Mozambique through the Makua and Lomwe Countries to Lake Shirwa, June to September 1883 ... 211Part II Exploration of the Northern and North-Eastern shores of Lake Shirwa and discovery of the Lakes Amaramba and Chiūta, the truesources of the Lugenda River ... 242Part III Return journey from Lake Shirwa to the Mozambique coast at Angoche, November 1883 to January 1884 ... 2567 From Quillimane to Blantyre in the Shiré Highlands and Thence Overland to the Coast – 1884 ... 278AppendicesAppendix 1 A Catalogue of the Published Papers of Henry Edward O’Neill ... 303Appendix 2 Notes by Consul O’Neill upon Agriculture and Labour in the Province of Mozambique, 15 March 1883 ... 305Appendix 3 Comparative Table of Makua and the Dialects of Angoche and Ibo ... 320Appendix 4 Table of Native Names of Places Between Mozambique and Pemba Bays ... 322Appendix 5 Letter Relating to ‘the New Slave Trade’ ... 324Appendix 6 Caravan Route from Kissanga to the Nyassa Lake ... 328Bibliography ... 330Index ... 342

Hilary Palmer, BA Exeter /History/Politics (1995), Postgraduate Certificate of Education (1996), MA Exeter History (1998), Teaching Fellow in Politics Department University of Exeter 1996-2010 (Retired). Currently Honorary Associate Research Fellow (University of Exeter). Published three articles on O’Neill/exploration including ‘Lieutenant H.E. O’Neill The Reverend W.P. Johnson: The Controversy Surrounding the True Source of the Lujenda River…’ in Terrae Incognitae, Volume 36 (2004).Malyn Newitt, BA Oxford (1961), PhD London. Current position: Emeritus Professor of History, King’s College, London. Publications include Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi (1973), Portugal in Africa (1981), History of Mozambique (1995), History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion (2005).

"Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century est constitué de la biographie d'un marin devenu consul britannique (le troisième: 1879 - 1889) au Mozambique, suivie de la publication du manuscrit d'un livre jamais publié (c'est, hélas, fréquent) reprenant les texes de plusieurs articles de l'auteur (Henry Edward O'Neill) résumant 13 voyages d'exploration entre le Zambèze et le Rovuma, avec une pointe au Sud-Mozambique." - René Pélissier, in: Africana Studia, No. 25 (2015), p. 176"...the book conveys interesting and important direct observations about and engagements with the trade, production, cultures and peoples of Northern Mozambique. This is a primary source, a historical narrative, a biography, and much more." - Jeanne Marie Penvenne, in: Luso-Brazilian Review, vol. 54 no. 2 (2017), pp. E21-E22

• General Series Editor’s Preface ... viiAcknowledgements ... xList of Illustrations and Maps ... xiGlossary ... xiiPART 1: IntroductionLieutenant Henry Edward O’Neill ... 3Prologue ... 3The Life and Career of Henry Edward O’Neill from 1848 to 1879 ... 10The Consuls and their Work 1857–1885 ... 24Consul O’Neill’s Journeys 1879–1885 ... 38Henry Edward O’Neill, the Later Years 1885–1925 ... 48Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century ... 58The Slave Trade in Eastern Africa in the 1880s ... 76PART 2: The Makua and Lomwe Countries of Eastern Africa1 Sketch of Two Voyages, North of Mozambique – in 1880 ... 97First voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Pemba Bay. May & June /80 ... 97Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Cape Delgado. Oct. & Nov. /80 ... 1212 Sketch of Three Voyages, South of Mozambique – in 1881 and 1882 ... 137First voyage: Journey through the Kivolani – Umfussi districts, South of Mokambo Bay Feb/81 ... 137Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Angoche, and intermediate ports July/81 ... 141Third voyage: From Mozambique to the Moma River. March & April/82 ... 1463 First Journey in Makua and Lomwe Countries, West of Mozambique – in 1881 ... 1504 Visit to Fernão Veloso, and Discovery and Survey of Nakala and Kisima Julu Bays – in 1881 ... 1745 Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Discovery of Lake Lidedi and Visit to Mavia Tribe, with Voyage to Kissanga and Neighbourhood – 1882 ... 189First voyage: From Mozambique to Ibo and adjacent ports March & April/81 ... 189Second voyage: Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Sept. – Oct. 1882 ... 1966 From Mozambique to Lake Shirwa, Including Discovery of Lakes, Amaramba and Chiūta the True Sources of the Lugenda River 1883 ... 211Part I From Mozambique through the Makua and Lomwe Countries to Lake Shirwa, June to September 1883 ... 211Part II Exploration of the Northern and North-Eastern shores of Lake Shirwa and discovery of the Lakes Amaramba and Chiūta, the truesources of the Lugenda River ... 242Part III Return journey from Lake Shirwa to the Mozambique coast at Angoche, November 1883 to January 1884 ... 2567 From Quillimane to Blantyre in the Shiré Highlands and Thence Overland to the Coast – 1884 ... 278AppendicesAppendix 1 A Catalogue of the Published Papers of Henry Edward O’Neill ... 303Appendix 2 Notes by Consul O’Neill upon Agriculture and Labour in the Province of Mozambique, 15 March 1883 ... 305Appendix 3 Comparative Table of Makua and the Dialects of Angoche and Ibo ... 320Appendix 4 Table of Native Names of Places Between Mozambique and Pemba Bays ... 322Appendix 5 Letter Relating to ‘the New Slave Trade’ ... 324Appendix 6 Caravan Route from Kissanga to the Nyassa Lake ... 328Bibliography ... 330Index ... 342