Holger Weiss, Ph.D. (1997, Helsinki University), is Professor of General History at Åbo Akademi University in Finland. He has published widely on African, global and Atlantic history, including Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers (Brill, 2014).

• Acknowledgements ... viiList of Illustrations ... viiiList of Contributors ... x1 Introduction: Portals of Early Modern Globalisation and Creolisation in the Atlantic World during the Era of the Slave Trade ... 1Holger Weiss2 The Entangled Spaces of Oddena, Oguaa and Osu: A Survey of Three Early Modern African Atlantic Towns, ca. 1650–1850 ... 22Holger Weiss3 ‘A Fine Flintlock, a Pair of Ditto Pistols and a Hat with a Gold Galloon’: Danish Political and Commercial Strategies on the Gold Coast in theEarly 18th Century ... 68Fredrik Hyrum Svensli4 Slave Trade, Slave Plantations and Danish Colonialism ... 101Per Hernæs5 Pre-Colonial Visions of a Colony: The Construction of the Pligtarbejder in a Proposed Danish West African Colony ... 140Jonas Møller Pedersen6 The Question of Rights in a Colour-Conscious Empire: The Danish West Indies and the Global Age of Revolutions (1800–1850) ... 154Christian Damm Pedersen7 The Overly Candid Missionary Historian: C.G.A. Oldendorp’s Theological Ambivalence over Slavery in the Danish West Indies ... 191Anders Ahlbäck8 Freedom, Autonomy, and Independence: Exceptional African Caribbean Life Experiences in St. Thomas, the Danish West Indies, in the Middle of the 18th Century ... 218Louise Sebro9 Magic, Obeah and Law in the Danish West Indies, 1750s–1840s ... 245Gunvor Simonsen10 Thirty-Two Lashes at Quatre Piquets: Slave Laws and Justice in the Swedish Colony of St. Barthélemy ca. 1800 ... 280Fredrik ThomassonIndex ... 307

Holger Weiss, Ph.D. (1997, Helsinki University), is Professor of General History at Åbo Akademi University in Finland. He has published widely on African, global and Atlantic history, including Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers (Brill, 2014).

• Acknowledgements ... viiList of Illustrations ... viiiList of Contributors ... x1 Introduction: Portals of Early Modern Globalisation and Creolisation in the Atlantic World during the Era of the Slave Trade ... 1Holger Weiss2 The Entangled Spaces of Oddena, Oguaa and Osu: A Survey of Three Early Modern African Atlantic Towns, ca. 1650–1850 ... 22Holger Weiss3 ‘A Fine Flintlock, a Pair of Ditto Pistols and a Hat with a Gold Galloon’: Danish Political and Commercial Strategies on the Gold Coast in theEarly 18th Century ... 68Fredrik Hyrum Svensli4 Slave Trade, Slave Plantations and Danish Colonialism ... 101Per Hernæs5 Pre-Colonial Visions of a Colony: The Construction of the Pligtarbejder in a Proposed Danish West African Colony ... 140Jonas Møller Pedersen6 The Question of Rights in a Colour-Conscious Empire: The Danish West Indies and the Global Age of Revolutions (1800–1850) ... 154Christian Damm Pedersen7 The Overly Candid Missionary Historian: C.G.A. Oldendorp’s Theological Ambivalence over Slavery in the Danish West Indies ... 191Anders Ahlbäck8 Freedom, Autonomy, and Independence: Exceptional African Caribbean Life Experiences in St. Thomas, the Danish West Indies, in the Middle of the 18th Century ... 218Louise Sebro9 Magic, Obeah and Law in the Danish West Indies, 1750s–1840s ... 245Gunvor Simonsen10 Thirty-Two Lashes at Quatre Piquets: Slave Laws and Justice in the Swedish Colony of St. Barthélemy ca. 1800 ... 280Fredrik ThomassonIndex ... 307

Holger Weiss, Ph.D. (1997, Helsinki University), is Professor of General History at Åbo Akademi University in Finland. He has published widely on African, global and Atlantic history, including Framing a Radical African Atlantic: African American Agency, West African Intellectuals and the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers (Brill, 2014).

• Acknowledgements ... viiList of Illustrations ... viiiList of Contributors ... x1 Introduction: Portals of Early Modern Globalisation and Creolisation in the Atlantic World during the Era of the Slave Trade ... 1Holger Weiss2 The Entangled Spaces of Oddena, Oguaa and Osu: A Survey of Three Early Modern African Atlantic Towns, ca. 1650–1850 ... 22Holger Weiss3 ‘A Fine Flintlock, a Pair of Ditto Pistols and a Hat with a Gold Galloon’: Danish Political and Commercial Strategies on the Gold Coast in theEarly 18th Century ... 68Fredrik Hyrum Svensli4 Slave Trade, Slave Plantations and Danish Colonialism ... 101Per Hernæs5 Pre-Colonial Visions of a Colony: The Construction of the Pligtarbejder in a Proposed Danish West African Colony ... 140Jonas Møller Pedersen6 The Question of Rights in a Colour-Conscious Empire: The Danish West Indies and the Global Age of Revolutions (1800–1850) ... 154Christian Damm Pedersen7 The Overly Candid Missionary Historian: C.G.A. Oldendorp’s Theological Ambivalence over Slavery in the Danish West Indies ... 191Anders Ahlbäck8 Freedom, Autonomy, and Independence: Exceptional African Caribbean Life Experiences in St. Thomas, the Danish West Indies, in the Middle of the 18th Century ... 218Louise Sebro9 Magic, Obeah and Law in the Danish West Indies, 1750s–1840s ... 245Gunvor Simonsen10 Thirty-Two Lashes at Quatre Piquets: Slave Laws and Justice in the Swedish Colony of St. Barthélemy ca. 1800 ... 280Fredrik ThomassonIndex ... 307