Nils Hybel, Ph.D. (1989), is Professor at the Saxo Institute, the University of Copenhagen. He has published extensively on many aspects of European medieval history and historiography.

"Hybel (Univ. Copenhagen) enters the Danish historiographical debate regarding the date when a “Danish national medieval kingdom” first existed, and concludes, expectedly, that even by the early 13th century, the Danish monarchy did not “fully meet the standards” for such a kingdom. [...] Well researched, with sound conclusions. Summing Up: Recommended." - J. P. Huffman, Messiah College, in: Choice 55:11 (July, 2018)''Hybels weitgreifende und lehrreiche Studie führt so die zwei Seiten der Staatsgenese-Forschung vor Augen: Einerseits verdeutlicht sie den wandelbaren Charakter dessen, was sich zu einer gegebenen Zeit hinter einem regnum und seinen Königen als Struktur und Handlungsspielraum verbirgt; anderer seits demonstriert sie auch das von Hybel selbst thematisierte Risiko der teleologischen Verengung, zumal »Königtum«." - Roland Scheel, in: Rechtsgeschichte Legal History 27 (2019)

• List of Figures, Charts and MapsAbbreviationsIntroduction1 HistoriographyKings and ClansThe Birth of the Viking AgeRegnum and SacerdotiumA Tenth-Century Central PowerThe Historical Turning PointA Medieval Kingdom of the Viking AgeThe Janus-Faced KingThe Birth of Medieval KingshipConclusion2 A Speculum RegaleThe European ContextRex Gratia DeiPopular Legitimation of KingshipThe LawmakerThe Ideal LeaderConclusion3 GenealogyHistorical Kings until c. 1140Legendary KingsHistoric Kings in Sources from c. 1140Conclusion4 Marca, Feudum, and SovereigntyThe Danish MarcaFeudumSovereigntySovereignty—An Anachronism?Conclusion5 Law, Justice, and ConstitutionSources of Medieval LawNarratives of the Earliest Danish LawsExtant Laws and Ordinances before 1241Monarchical Legislation and Jurisdiction before 1241Extant Laws and Ordinances from 1241Monarchical Legislation and Jurisdiction from 1241ConstitutionConclusion6 LandownershipOwnership in Roman LawOwnership in Medieval JurisprudenceFamily OwnershipPrivate PropertyWays of Acquiring LandCommon Rights and Dominium UtileConclusion7 TaxTribute, Plunder, and GiftsMint TaxesTown and Market TaxesCustoms DutiesUrban and Commercial DutiesRural TaxesConclusion8 War and PeaceViking Kings and/or WarlordsMedieval Kings and/or WarlordsTowards a Public Army?Military LawConclusion9 The RealmDaneDenmarkThe Geopolitical Area of Denmark before the Mid-Eleventh CenturyTowards the Formation of a RealmThe Danish RealmConclusion10 Overall AssessmentBibliographyIndex of Persons and PlacesSubject Index

Nils Hybel, Ph.D. (1989), is Professor at the Saxo Institute, the University of Copenhagen. He has published extensively on many aspects of European medieval history and historiography.

"Hybel (Univ. Copenhagen) enters the Danish historiographical debate regarding the date when a “Danish national medieval kingdom” first existed, and concludes, expectedly, that even by the early 13th century, the Danish monarchy did not “fully meet the standards” for such a kingdom. [...] Well researched, with sound conclusions. Summing Up: Recommended." - J. P. Huffman, Messiah College, in: Choice 55:11 (July, 2018)''Hybels weitgreifende und lehrreiche Studie führt so die zwei Seiten der Staatsgenese-Forschung vor Augen: Einerseits verdeutlicht sie den wandelbaren Charakter dessen, was sich zu einer gegebenen Zeit hinter einem regnum und seinen Königen als Struktur und Handlungsspielraum verbirgt; anderer seits demonstriert sie auch das von Hybel selbst thematisierte Risiko der teleologischen Verengung, zumal »Königtum«." - Roland Scheel, in: Rechtsgeschichte Legal History 27 (2019)

• List of Figures, Charts and MapsAbbreviationsIntroduction1 HistoriographyKings and ClansThe Birth of the Viking AgeRegnum and SacerdotiumA Tenth-Century Central PowerThe Historical Turning PointA Medieval Kingdom of the Viking AgeThe Janus-Faced KingThe Birth of Medieval KingshipConclusion2 A Speculum RegaleThe European ContextRex Gratia DeiPopular Legitimation of KingshipThe LawmakerThe Ideal LeaderConclusion3 GenealogyHistorical Kings until c. 1140Legendary KingsHistoric Kings in Sources from c. 1140Conclusion4 Marca, Feudum, and SovereigntyThe Danish MarcaFeudumSovereigntySovereignty—An Anachronism?Conclusion5 Law, Justice, and ConstitutionSources of Medieval LawNarratives of the Earliest Danish LawsExtant Laws and Ordinances before 1241Monarchical Legislation and Jurisdiction before 1241Extant Laws and Ordinances from 1241Monarchical Legislation and Jurisdiction from 1241ConstitutionConclusion6 LandownershipOwnership in Roman LawOwnership in Medieval JurisprudenceFamily OwnershipPrivate PropertyWays of Acquiring LandCommon Rights and Dominium UtileConclusion7 TaxTribute, Plunder, and GiftsMint TaxesTown and Market TaxesCustoms DutiesUrban and Commercial DutiesRural TaxesConclusion8 War and PeaceViking Kings and/or WarlordsMedieval Kings and/or WarlordsTowards a Public Army?Military LawConclusion9 The RealmDaneDenmarkThe Geopolitical Area of Denmark before the Mid-Eleventh CenturyTowards the Formation of a RealmThe Danish RealmConclusion10 Overall AssessmentBibliographyIndex of Persons and PlacesSubject Index

Nils Hybel, Ph.D. (1989), is Professor at the Saxo Institute, the University of Copenhagen. He has published extensively on many aspects of European medieval history and historiography.

"Hybel (Univ. Copenhagen) enters the Danish historiographical debate regarding the date when a “Danish national medieval kingdom” first existed, and concludes, expectedly, that even by the early 13th century, the Danish monarchy did not “fully meet the standards” for such a kingdom. [...] Well researched, with sound conclusions. Summing Up: Recommended." - J. P. Huffman, Messiah College, in: Choice 55:11 (July, 2018)''Hybels weitgreifende und lehrreiche Studie führt so die zwei Seiten der Staatsgenese-Forschung vor Augen: Einerseits verdeutlicht sie den wandelbaren Charakter dessen, was sich zu einer gegebenen Zeit hinter einem regnum und seinen Königen als Struktur und Handlungsspielraum verbirgt; anderer seits demonstriert sie auch das von Hybel selbst thematisierte Risiko der teleologischen Verengung, zumal »Königtum«." - Roland Scheel, in: Rechtsgeschichte Legal History 27 (2019)

• List of Figures, Charts and MapsAbbreviationsIntroduction1 HistoriographyKings and ClansThe Birth of the Viking AgeRegnum and SacerdotiumA Tenth-Century Central PowerThe Historical Turning PointA Medieval Kingdom of the Viking AgeThe Janus-Faced KingThe Birth of Medieval KingshipConclusion2 A Speculum RegaleThe European ContextRex Gratia DeiPopular Legitimation of KingshipThe LawmakerThe Ideal LeaderConclusion3 GenealogyHistorical Kings until c. 1140Legendary KingsHistoric Kings in Sources from c. 1140Conclusion4 Marca, Feudum, and SovereigntyThe Danish MarcaFeudumSovereigntySovereignty—An Anachronism?Conclusion5 Law, Justice, and ConstitutionSources of Medieval LawNarratives of the Earliest Danish LawsExtant Laws and Ordinances before 1241Monarchical Legislation and Jurisdiction before 1241Extant Laws and Ordinances from 1241Monarchical Legislation and Jurisdiction from 1241ConstitutionConclusion6 LandownershipOwnership in Roman LawOwnership in Medieval JurisprudenceFamily OwnershipPrivate PropertyWays of Acquiring LandCommon Rights and Dominium UtileConclusion7 TaxTribute, Plunder, and GiftsMint TaxesTown and Market TaxesCustoms DutiesUrban and Commercial DutiesRural TaxesConclusion8 War and PeaceViking Kings and/or WarlordsMedieval Kings and/or WarlordsTowards a Public Army?Military LawConclusion9 The RealmDaneDenmarkThe Geopolitical Area of Denmark before the Mid-Eleventh CenturyTowards the Formation of a RealmThe Danish RealmConclusion10 Overall AssessmentBibliographyIndex of Persons and PlacesSubject Index