Eloy Martín-Corrales, Ph.D (1993), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, is Catedrático of Modern History at that university. He jas published monographs and many articles, including, Comercio de Cataluña con el Mediterráneo musulmán: El comercio con los “enemigos de la fe” (2001), La imagen del magrebí en España: una perspectiva histórica (siglos XVI-XX) (2002).

• AcknowledgmentsList of Illustrations and TablesAbbreviationsIntroduction1 Historiography and the Muslim Presence in Spain in the Early Modern Age1 Muslims in Europe, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries1.1 Muslims, a Minority among Slaves1.2 Hundreds of Muslim Embassies1.3 Merchants in Ports and Cities1.4 Muslim Converts to Christianity1.5 Exiles, Travelers, Soldiers, and Adventurers2 The Spain That Enslaves and Expels: Moriscos and Muslim Captives (1492 to 1767–1791)2.1emsp;The Moriscos between Islam and Christendom2.2emsp;Muslims, a Minority among Slaves3 Spain, Land of Refuge and Survival for Thousands of Muslims: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries3.1 Royal Exiles in the Sixteenth Century: Recover the Throne, or Convert?3.2 Exile in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Saving One’s Life above All4 Living in Freedom among the Infidels in Times of Conflict, 1492–17674.1 Maghrebi, Ottoman, and Persian Ambassadors4.2 Free Muslims4.3 More Merchants Than Expected4.4 Muslims of Christ4.5 (Limited) Freedom of Worship for Muslims4.6 Diplomacy with the Maghreb in Castilian Spanish5 Peace Treaties with Morocco, the Ottoman Empire, and the North African Regencies5.1 Negotiations with Morocco: the Embassy of Al- Gazzal (1766) and the Treaty of Peace (1767)5.2 Negotiations with the Ottoman Empire and the Regencies 5.3 A Surge in Spanish–Muslim Trade 5.4 The Treaty of Peace, the Gift Economy, Local Custom, and the Market6 Problems in Applying the Treaties: Ambassadors and Envoys6.1 Muslim Ambassadors at the Spanish Court6.2 Muslim Ambassadors Who Passed through Spain6.3 Muslim Envoys7 Ship Captains and Sailors7.1 Moroccan Captains7.2 Algerian, Tripolitan, and Tunisian Corsair Captains8 The Development of a Moroccan Merchant Colony (1767–1799)8.1 Gradual Appearance of Moroccan Merchants in Spain (1767–1780)8.2 Consolidation of a Moroccan Mercantile Colony (1780–1799)8.3 The Spanish Administration and Incidents That Arose from the Presence of Muslim Merchants8.4 Both Monarchies Seek to End the Abuses 8.5 Members of the Moroccan Merchant Colony9 From a Moroccan Colony to a North African One9.1 A Surge in Maghrebi Ships 9.2 The Spanish–Moroccan Treaty of Peace of 1799: Adjustment to a State of war9.3 Spanish–Moroccan Cooperation to Prevent Smuggling9.4 Continuity of the Moroccan Merchant Colony 9.5 Algerian, Tunisian, and Tripolitan Captains, Pursers, and MerchantsEpilogue The First Moroccan Agent on Spanish Soil (1798)ConclusionsBibliography Index of Personal and Place Names

Eloy Martín-Corrales, Ph.D (1993), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, is Catedrático of Modern History at that university. He jas published monographs and many articles, including, Comercio de Cataluña con el Mediterráneo musulmán: El comercio con los “enemigos de la fe” (2001), La imagen del magrebí en España: una perspectiva histórica (siglos XVI-XX) (2002).

• AcknowledgmentsList of Illustrations and TablesAbbreviationsIntroduction1 Historiography and the Muslim Presence in Spain in the Early Modern Age1 Muslims in Europe, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries1.1 Muslims, a Minority among Slaves1.2 Hundreds of Muslim Embassies1.3 Merchants in Ports and Cities1.4 Muslim Converts to Christianity1.5 Exiles, Travelers, Soldiers, and Adventurers2 The Spain That Enslaves and Expels: Moriscos and Muslim Captives (1492 to 1767–1791)2.1emsp;The Moriscos between Islam and Christendom2.2emsp;Muslims, a Minority among Slaves3 Spain, Land of Refuge and Survival for Thousands of Muslims: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries3.1 Royal Exiles in the Sixteenth Century: Recover the Throne, or Convert?3.2 Exile in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Saving One’s Life above All4 Living in Freedom among the Infidels in Times of Conflict, 1492–17674.1 Maghrebi, Ottoman, and Persian Ambassadors4.2 Free Muslims4.3 More Merchants Than Expected4.4 Muslims of Christ4.5 (Limited) Freedom of Worship for Muslims4.6 Diplomacy with the Maghreb in Castilian Spanish5 Peace Treaties with Morocco, the Ottoman Empire, and the North African Regencies5.1 Negotiations with Morocco: the Embassy of Al- Gazzal (1766) and the Treaty of Peace (1767)5.2 Negotiations with the Ottoman Empire and the Regencies 5.3 A Surge in Spanish–Muslim Trade 5.4 The Treaty of Peace, the Gift Economy, Local Custom, and the Market6 Problems in Applying the Treaties: Ambassadors and Envoys6.1 Muslim Ambassadors at the Spanish Court6.2 Muslim Ambassadors Who Passed through Spain6.3 Muslim Envoys7 Ship Captains and Sailors7.1 Moroccan Captains7.2 Algerian, Tripolitan, and Tunisian Corsair Captains8 The Development of a Moroccan Merchant Colony (1767–1799)8.1 Gradual Appearance of Moroccan Merchants in Spain (1767–1780)8.2 Consolidation of a Moroccan Mercantile Colony (1780–1799)8.3 The Spanish Administration and Incidents That Arose from the Presence of Muslim Merchants8.4 Both Monarchies Seek to End the Abuses 8.5 Members of the Moroccan Merchant Colony9 From a Moroccan Colony to a North African One9.1 A Surge in Maghrebi Ships 9.2 The Spanish–Moroccan Treaty of Peace of 1799: Adjustment to a State of war9.3 Spanish–Moroccan Cooperation to Prevent Smuggling9.4 Continuity of the Moroccan Merchant Colony 9.5 Algerian, Tunisian, and Tripolitan Captains, Pursers, and MerchantsEpilogue The First Moroccan Agent on Spanish Soil (1798)ConclusionsBibliography Index of Personal and Place Names

Eloy Martín-Corrales, Ph.D (1993), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, is Catedrático of Modern History at that university. He jas published monographs and many articles, including, Comercio de Cataluña con el Mediterráneo musulmán: El comercio con los “enemigos de la fe” (2001), La imagen del magrebí en España: una perspectiva histórica (siglos XVI-XX) (2002).

• AcknowledgmentsList of Illustrations and TablesAbbreviationsIntroduction1 Historiography and the Muslim Presence in Spain in the Early Modern Age1 Muslims in Europe, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries1.1 Muslims, a Minority among Slaves1.2 Hundreds of Muslim Embassies1.3 Merchants in Ports and Cities1.4 Muslim Converts to Christianity1.5 Exiles, Travelers, Soldiers, and Adventurers2 The Spain That Enslaves and Expels: Moriscos and Muslim Captives (1492 to 1767–1791)2.1emsp;The Moriscos between Islam and Christendom2.2emsp;Muslims, a Minority among Slaves3 Spain, Land of Refuge and Survival for Thousands of Muslims: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries3.1 Royal Exiles in the Sixteenth Century: Recover the Throne, or Convert?3.2 Exile in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Saving One’s Life above All4 Living in Freedom among the Infidels in Times of Conflict, 1492–17674.1 Maghrebi, Ottoman, and Persian Ambassadors4.2 Free Muslims4.3 More Merchants Than Expected4.4 Muslims of Christ4.5 (Limited) Freedom of Worship for Muslims4.6 Diplomacy with the Maghreb in Castilian Spanish5 Peace Treaties with Morocco, the Ottoman Empire, and the North African Regencies5.1 Negotiations with Morocco: the Embassy of Al- Gazzal (1766) and the Treaty of Peace (1767)5.2 Negotiations with the Ottoman Empire and the Regencies 5.3 A Surge in Spanish–Muslim Trade 5.4 The Treaty of Peace, the Gift Economy, Local Custom, and the Market6 Problems in Applying the Treaties: Ambassadors and Envoys6.1 Muslim Ambassadors at the Spanish Court6.2 Muslim Ambassadors Who Passed through Spain6.3 Muslim Envoys7 Ship Captains and Sailors7.1 Moroccan Captains7.2 Algerian, Tripolitan, and Tunisian Corsair Captains8 The Development of a Moroccan Merchant Colony (1767–1799)8.1 Gradual Appearance of Moroccan Merchants in Spain (1767–1780)8.2 Consolidation of a Moroccan Mercantile Colony (1780–1799)8.3 The Spanish Administration and Incidents That Arose from the Presence of Muslim Merchants8.4 Both Monarchies Seek to End the Abuses 8.5 Members of the Moroccan Merchant Colony9 From a Moroccan Colony to a North African One9.1 A Surge in Maghrebi Ships 9.2 The Spanish–Moroccan Treaty of Peace of 1799: Adjustment to a State of war9.3 Spanish–Moroccan Cooperation to Prevent Smuggling9.4 Continuity of the Moroccan Merchant Colony 9.5 Algerian, Tunisian, and Tripolitan Captains, Pursers, and MerchantsEpilogue The First Moroccan Agent on Spanish Soil (1798)ConclusionsBibliography Index of Personal and Place Names