Richard van Leeuwen (Ph.D 1991) was senior lecturer in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Amsterdam. He has many publications in the fields of Middle Eastern history, Islamic studies and Arabic literature. He also works as a translator of Arabic literature.

• ContentsAcknowledgements and RemarksMapsIntroductionpart 1: From the Beginnings until 18001 The Formation of a Corpus1 Questions of Genre2 Intertextual Connections, Cultural and Historical Backgrounds3 Intra-generic Coherence4 Travellers and Their Readers5 Transmission6 Conclusion2 Journeys1 Conventions for Travelling2 Trajectories and Caravans3 The Sea Route from Asia4 The Holy Places5 Themes and Issues6 Conclusion3 Politics1 The Hajj and Processes of Globalisation2 The History and Organisation of the Hajj as a Political Issue3 Accompanying a Moroccan Princess on Hajj4 An Ottoman Perspective5 A Moroccan Embassy6 Mughal Perspectives7 Political Themes and References8 Conclusion4 Religion1 The Religious Framework2 The Legal Framework3 Reformers4 Religious Frameworks 1: al-ʿAbdarī5 Religious Frameworks 2: al-ʿAyyāshī6 Scriptural and Legal Frameworks7 Places for Visitation (mazārāt)8 Rituals, Ceremonies, Feasts9 Women10 Scholarly Encounters11 Books12 Conclusion5 The Spiritual Dimension1 Sufism and the Hajj2 Maghribī Pilgrims until the End of the 17th Century3 ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī4 Shāh Walī Allāh of Delhi5 The Maghribī Tradition in the 18th Century6 Conclusion6 European Discourses1 Travellers and Informants2 Europeans in Mecca3 Scholars4 Polemicists5 Conclusionpart 2: 1800–19507 European Intrusions and the Impact of Modernity1 Modernity and Reform2 The Muslim World and the Spread of Modernity3 Cultural Debates4 European Discourses of the Hajj, 1800–19505 European Travellers to Mecca6 The Second Wave of Saʿūdī-Wahhābī Insurgency7 European Pilgrims to Mecca8 The Hajj and European Scholarship9 Conclusion8 Continuity and Change1 Issues of Genre2 Autobiographies3 Adab4 Realism5 Religion and Scholarship6 Administrative Handbooks7 Journals and Periodicals8 Guides9 Visual Material, Images, Photographs10 Conclusion9 Journeys1 Itineraries2 Modern Travel3 Sanitary Arrangements4 Bureaucratic Formalities5 Conclusion10 Politics1 Ottoman Reforms2 European Imperialism3 Egypt4 Troubles in the Hijaz5 Political Visions6 The Hijaz as a Place of Refuge and Immigration7 Conclusion11 Religion1 Law and Theology2 Religion and Politics: The Case of Rashīd Riḍā3 Between Universalism and Diversity: The Islamic Congresses4 ‘Modern’ Muslims5 The Hajj and Political Militancy6 Shīʿīs7 Women on Hajj8 Conclusion12 The Spiritual Dimension1 Sufism, Travellers, and Travelogues2 Hajj Accounts as Sufi Texts3 The Kattānī Shaykhs and Their Sufi Network4 ConclusionConclusion1 Framing the Hajj as a Journey2 Periodisation, Cultural Background, and Modernity3 The Hajj and SpiritualityGlossaryTraveloguesBibliographyIndex