Kim Ingeol, Ph.D., Seoul National University, is a Professor Emeritus of Korean History at his alma mater. He has published numerous studies in Korean history, including Chosŏn sidae sahoesa wa Han’guksa insik [Chosŏn social history and understanding Korean history] (Kyŏngin munhwasa, 2017).Eugene Y. Park, Ph.D., Harvard University, is a Professor of History at the University of Nevada, Reno. He has published books, book chapters, and articles in Korean history, including Korea: A History (Stanford University Press, 2022).

• Translator’s PrefaceAuthor’s Preface to the English EditionAuthor’s Preface to the Korean EditionList of FiguresConventionsNotes on ContributorsIntroduction1 The Setting: Structure and Evolution1 Chosŏn Political History and the Politics of Public Opinion2 The Structure of Public Opinion Politics3 Local Councils and the Evolution of Public Opinion Politics2 Conventional Wisdom: Continuity and Break1 Popular Opinion and the Politics of Public Opinion2 The Transformation of Politics of Public Opinion3 Break and Continuity in the Eighteenth Century3 Changing Characteristics of Eighteenth-Century Local Councils1 County Public Opinion Divided2 Increased Government Control and Assemblies of All People (Taesomin hoeŭi)3 From an Organ of Aristocratic Autonomy to a Tax Advisory Body4 New Politics of Public Opinion in the Nineteenth Century1 Directions for Understanding Nineteenth-Century History2 Forms of Local Councils and Conflicting Methods of Implementing Public Opinion3 Transformed Local Councils in the Nineteenth Century5 The Rise of People’s Assemblies1 People’s Assemblies and Popular Uprisings2 Popular Opinion and the 1862 People’s Assembly in Sangju, Kyŏngsang3 The 1862 People’s Assembly in Sŏngju, Kyŏngsang4 The 1869 Popular Disturbance (Minbyŏn) and the People’s Assembly of Ch’unwŏn District in Kosŏng, Kyŏngsang5 The Transformation of People’s Assemblies6 The 1894 Group Petition from Tosŏn District in Kosŏng, KyŏngsangFinal ThoughtsList of Transliterated TermsWorks CitedIndex

Kim Ingeol, Ph.D., Seoul National University, is a Professor Emeritus of Korean History at his alma mater. He has published numerous studies in Korean history, including Chosŏn sidae sahoesa wa Han’guksa insik [Chosŏn social history and understanding Korean history] (Kyŏngin munhwasa, 2017).Eugene Y. Park, Ph.D., Harvard University, is a Professor of History at the University of Nevada, Reno. He has published books, book chapters, and articles in Korean history, including Korea: A History (Stanford University Press, 2022).

• Translator’s PrefaceAuthor’s Preface to the English EditionAuthor’s Preface to the Korean EditionList of FiguresConventionsNotes on ContributorsIntroduction1 The Setting: Structure and Evolution1 Chosŏn Political History and the Politics of Public Opinion2 The Structure of Public Opinion Politics3 Local Councils and the Evolution of Public Opinion Politics2 Conventional Wisdom: Continuity and Break1 Popular Opinion and the Politics of Public Opinion2 The Transformation of Politics of Public Opinion3 Break and Continuity in the Eighteenth Century3 Changing Characteristics of Eighteenth-Century Local Councils1 County Public Opinion Divided2 Increased Government Control and Assemblies of All People (Taesomin hoeŭi)3 From an Organ of Aristocratic Autonomy to a Tax Advisory Body4 New Politics of Public Opinion in the Nineteenth Century1 Directions for Understanding Nineteenth-Century History2 Forms of Local Councils and Conflicting Methods of Implementing Public Opinion3 Transformed Local Councils in the Nineteenth Century5 The Rise of People’s Assemblies1 People’s Assemblies and Popular Uprisings2 Popular Opinion and the 1862 People’s Assembly in Sangju, Kyŏngsang3 The 1862 People’s Assembly in Sŏngju, Kyŏngsang4 The 1869 Popular Disturbance (Minbyŏn) and the People’s Assembly of Ch’unwŏn District in Kosŏng, Kyŏngsang5 The Transformation of People’s Assemblies6 The 1894 Group Petition from Tosŏn District in Kosŏng, KyŏngsangFinal ThoughtsList of Transliterated TermsWorks CitedIndex

Kim Ingeol, Ph.D., Seoul National University, is a Professor Emeritus of Korean History at his alma mater. He has published numerous studies in Korean history, including Chosŏn sidae sahoesa wa Han’guksa insik [Chosŏn social history and understanding Korean history] (Kyŏngin munhwasa, 2017).Eugene Y. Park, Ph.D., Harvard University, is a Professor of History at the University of Nevada, Reno. He has published books, book chapters, and articles in Korean history, including Korea: A History (Stanford University Press, 2022).

• Translator’s PrefaceAuthor’s Preface to the English EditionAuthor’s Preface to the Korean EditionList of FiguresConventionsNotes on ContributorsIntroduction1 The Setting: Structure and Evolution1 Chosŏn Political History and the Politics of Public Opinion2 The Structure of Public Opinion Politics3 Local Councils and the Evolution of Public Opinion Politics2 Conventional Wisdom: Continuity and Break1 Popular Opinion and the Politics of Public Opinion2 The Transformation of Politics of Public Opinion3 Break and Continuity in the Eighteenth Century3 Changing Characteristics of Eighteenth-Century Local Councils1 County Public Opinion Divided2 Increased Government Control and Assemblies of All People (Taesomin hoeŭi)3 From an Organ of Aristocratic Autonomy to a Tax Advisory Body4 New Politics of Public Opinion in the Nineteenth Century1 Directions for Understanding Nineteenth-Century History2 Forms of Local Councils and Conflicting Methods of Implementing Public Opinion3 Transformed Local Councils in the Nineteenth Century5 The Rise of People’s Assemblies1 People’s Assemblies and Popular Uprisings2 Popular Opinion and the 1862 People’s Assembly in Sangju, Kyŏngsang3 The 1862 People’s Assembly in Sŏngju, Kyŏngsang4 The 1869 Popular Disturbance (Minbyŏn) and the People’s Assembly of Ch’unwŏn District in Kosŏng, Kyŏngsang5 The Transformation of People’s Assemblies6 The 1894 Group Petition from Tosŏn District in Kosŏng, KyŏngsangFinal ThoughtsList of Transliterated TermsWorks CitedIndex