Youth between Participation and Exclusion

After studying Middle East Studies, History, and Religious Studies at the University of Leipzig, Johannes Frische earned his doctorate in Globalization Research in 2021. His scientific interests, focusing on North Africa and the Middle East, include Youth Studies, Urban Studies, Sociology, and Migration. He has undertaken several study and research visits to Tunisia, Morocco, and Syria.

• AcknowledgementsList of IllustrationAbbreviationsNotes on Transcription and TerminologyIntroduction: Entering a Contested Terrain1 Locating Global Contexts and Concepts1 Core Issues of Urban Inequality across the North-South Divide2 The Right to the City: A Global Discourse and Its Local Implications3 Urban Spaces: Everyday Life and the Role of the State4 Urban Youth: Scopes of Action and Forms of Exclusion5 From the Informal Sector to Global Informalization6 Precarity and Precaritization7 Analytical Perspectives for the North African Context2 Re-tracing Development in Tunisia: Root Causes of Economic and Spatial Inequities1 Spatial Inequities, Social and Economic Cleavages2 Historical Roots of Urbanization3 Polarization in the Periphery of the Greater Tunis Region4 Spatial and Economic Inequality4.1 Small-Scale Economy and the Informal Sector4.2 Internal and External Migration4.3 Cross-border Trade in the Periphery4.4 Urban Spaces: Markets and Street Trading in Tunis5 Asymmetric Integration into Globalization Processes3 Approaching the Field: Ettadhamen as a Suburban Area in Greater Tunis1 On the Emergence of Ettadhamen: Informal Settlements and Restructuring2 Economic Dynamics and Spaces of Everyday Practice3 From Social Marginalization to Mobilization and Migration4 Methodology and Fieldwork Concerns4.1 Access to the Field4.2 Analytical Approach: Reconstruction of Life Situations and Everyday Conditions5 Researching Everyday Life in Structurally Disadvantaged Areas4 Individual Life Situations (2012–2013): Informal and Precarious Work or Being Jobless1 Contextualizing Politico-Institutional and Economic Conditions1.1 Background to the Flexibilization and Precaritization of Employment in Tunisia1.2 Self-Employment and Microcredit Financing2 The Situation of the Interviewees: Employed, Self-employed, Unemployed?3 Selected Case Studies (2012–13)3.1 Being Jobless: Causes of Economic Disintegration3.2 Day Laborers and Street Vendors: Living from Hand to Mouth3.3 Laboring in the Family Business: A Contained Workforce3.4 Wage Labor: Gaining One’s Livelihood in a Situation of Dependence3.5 Self-employed Work: Autonomy Instead of Dependence?4 Analytical Perspectives4.1 Everyday Coping in the Here and Now –- Transitions into an Uncertain Future4.2 Interdependencies between Informal and Precarious Work4.3 Self-employment and Informal Trade as an Alternative to Wage Labor?4.4 Gaining Mobility despite Sociospatial Segregation?5 Solidarity and Individual Subsistence Strategies5 Youth in Tunisia (2016): Precarious Living Conditions and Uncertain Prospects for the Future1 Conceptualizing Transitional Phases: Waithood and Contained Youth2 The Economic Situation of Tunisian Youth3 Future Prospects in the Face of Precarity and Uncertainty4 An Excluded Generation?5 Conclusion: Youth as Agents of Change?Conclusions: Joining the Dots and Looking toward the Future1 Structural and Sociospatial Causes of Exclusion in the Urban Context of Tunisia2 Post-Revolutionary Tunisia: Youth as a Precarious Living Situation3 Global Outlook: Political Economy Perspectives on YouthBibliographyIndex