Robert Couzin, Ph.D. (2013), University of Toronto, is a second-career medieval art historian. He has published on a broad range of often unorthodox topics, including Right and Left in Early Christian and Medieval Art (Brill, 2021).

• List of FiguresIntroduction1 The Abrahamic God1 The “Second Commandment” and Jewish Art2 Islamic Rigour3 The Not-So-Invisible God of the Christians4 Jesus Christ in Jewish and Islamic Imagery2 The Dead Christ1 Picturing the Crucifixion2 The Divine Corpse3 The Power of the Image3 Absent Infidels1 Jews2 Heretics3 Muslims4 Female Enemies of the Faith1 The Heretical Woman2 The Jewess3 The Saracen Princess and Her Evil Sister4 Conclusion5 Popes, Kings and Queens1 Episcopal Self-Representation2 Kings and Emperors: Present, Past and Future3 And Queens: Picturing Medieval Power Women4 An Addendum on Pope Formosus6 Books without Words1 Ellipsis in Pictured Scripture2 Pseudo-Latin3 Pseudo-Hebrew and Biblical Bilingualism4 Empty GospelsConclusions as Prolegomena1 Classes and Categories2 Motives, Purposes, EffectsBibliographyIndex