Fedor Arkhipov, Ph.D. student (2025), University of Insubria, Como, is a Ph.D. student of the Italian National Doctoral Program in Religious Studies (DREST) in the field of Law and Religion. The topic of the doctoral dissertation is: “Law and religion in Contemporary Russia based on the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”.

• Foreword by the EditorsGeneral Introduction1 Relevant articles of the Convention2 ECtHR criteria for determining violation of religious freedoms in cases involving Muslims1 Requirements for the nature of a religious community and its activities2 Criteria for determining religious affiliation and its connection with violation of freedom of conscience3 Relations between the State and Islam1 Status of Islam. Parties and other public and political Islamic organisations in jurisdictions with an Islamic minority2 Status of Islamic minorities, parties and other public and political organisations in jurisdictions with an Islamic majority4 Anti-terrorism policy and Islam1 Violation of Muslim rights in the context of terrorism prevention2 Violation of Muslims’ rights to freedom of speech and expression as part of anti-terrorism policy5 Education and Schools1 Public education for Muslim students in jurisdictions with a Muslim minority2 Public education for Muslim students in jurisdictions with a Muslim majority6 Violation of the electoral and labour rights of Muslims1 Violation of Muslim electoral rights2 Discrimination against Muslims in the workplace7 Migration Legislation1 Cases related to the expulsion of migrant offenders professing Islam and the inevitable separation of their families living in the same State2 Deportation of Muslim migrants when there is a threat to their lives in their homeland for religious and political reasons8 Restriction of Muslims in the ability to perform religious duties1 Violation of Muslims’ rights to perform religious duties in places of detention2 Violation of the right to perform Islamic rituals in mosques and other holy places of Islam3 Islamic Slaughter9 Burial and cemeteries: Violation of Muslims’ religious rights in the area of handling the bodies of the dead1 Refusal to release the bodies of terrorist suspects to Muslim relatives2 Obstacles to Muslim burials due to legal and medical complexities10 Islamic dress1 Dress code in the public space2 Islamic dress and public service11 Protection of religious beliefs: Criteria for Islamophobia1 Offences against religious beliefs2 Offences against religious practices12 Family law1 Rights of spouses2 Rights of parents and children. The right to be raised in Islamic cultureConclusionBibliographyIndex

Fedor Arkhipov, Ph.D. student (2025), University of Insubria, Como, is a Ph.D. student of the Italian National Doctoral Program in Religious Studies (DREST) in the field of Law and Religion. The topic of the doctoral dissertation is: “Law and religion in Contemporary Russia based on the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”.

• Foreword by the EditorsGeneral Introduction1 Relevant articles of the Convention2 ECtHR criteria for determining violation of religious freedoms in cases involving Muslims1 Requirements for the nature of a religious community and its activities2 Criteria for determining religious affiliation and its connection with violation of freedom of conscience3 Relations between the State and Islam1 Status of Islam. Parties and other public and political Islamic organisations in jurisdictions with an Islamic minority2 Status of Islamic minorities, parties and other public and political organisations in jurisdictions with an Islamic majority4 Anti-terrorism policy and Islam1 Violation of Muslim rights in the context of terrorism prevention2 Violation of Muslims’ rights to freedom of speech and expression as part of anti-terrorism policy5 Education and Schools1 Public education for Muslim students in jurisdictions with a Muslim minority2 Public education for Muslim students in jurisdictions with a Muslim majority6 Violation of the electoral and labour rights of Muslims1 Violation of Muslim electoral rights2 Discrimination against Muslims in the workplace7 Migration Legislation1 Cases related to the expulsion of migrant offenders professing Islam and the inevitable separation of their families living in the same State2 Deportation of Muslim migrants when there is a threat to their lives in their homeland for religious and political reasons8 Restriction of Muslims in the ability to perform religious duties1 Violation of Muslims’ rights to perform religious duties in places of detention2 Violation of the right to perform Islamic rituals in mosques and other holy places of Islam3 Islamic Slaughter9 Burial and cemeteries: Violation of Muslims’ religious rights in the area of handling the bodies of the dead1 Refusal to release the bodies of terrorist suspects to Muslim relatives2 Obstacles to Muslim burials due to legal and medical complexities10 Islamic dress1 Dress code in the public space2 Islamic dress and public service11 Protection of religious beliefs: Criteria for Islamophobia1 Offences against religious beliefs2 Offences against religious practices12 Family law1 Rights of spouses2 Rights of parents and children. The right to be raised in Islamic cultureConclusionBibliographyIndex

Fedor Arkhipov, Ph.D. student (2025), University of Insubria, Como, is a Ph.D. student of the Italian National Doctoral Program in Religious Studies (DREST) in the field of Law and Religion. The topic of the doctoral dissertation is: “Law and religion in Contemporary Russia based on the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”.

• Foreword by the EditorsGeneral Introduction1 Relevant articles of the Convention2 ECtHR criteria for determining violation of religious freedoms in cases involving Muslims1 Requirements for the nature of a religious community and its activities2 Criteria for determining religious affiliation and its connection with violation of freedom of conscience3 Relations between the State and Islam1 Status of Islam. Parties and other public and political Islamic organisations in jurisdictions with an Islamic minority2 Status of Islamic minorities, parties and other public and political organisations in jurisdictions with an Islamic majority4 Anti-terrorism policy and Islam1 Violation of Muslim rights in the context of terrorism prevention2 Violation of Muslims’ rights to freedom of speech and expression as part of anti-terrorism policy5 Education and Schools1 Public education for Muslim students in jurisdictions with a Muslim minority2 Public education for Muslim students in jurisdictions with a Muslim majority6 Violation of the electoral and labour rights of Muslims1 Violation of Muslim electoral rights2 Discrimination against Muslims in the workplace7 Migration Legislation1 Cases related to the expulsion of migrant offenders professing Islam and the inevitable separation of their families living in the same State2 Deportation of Muslim migrants when there is a threat to their lives in their homeland for religious and political reasons8 Restriction of Muslims in the ability to perform religious duties1 Violation of Muslims’ rights to perform religious duties in places of detention2 Violation of the right to perform Islamic rituals in mosques and other holy places of Islam3 Islamic Slaughter9 Burial and cemeteries: Violation of Muslims’ religious rights in the area of handling the bodies of the dead1 Refusal to release the bodies of terrorist suspects to Muslim relatives2 Obstacles to Muslim burials due to legal and medical complexities10 Islamic dress1 Dress code in the public space2 Islamic dress and public service11 Protection of religious beliefs: Criteria for Islamophobia1 Offences against religious beliefs2 Offences against religious practices12 Family law1 Rights of spouses2 Rights of parents and children. The right to be raised in Islamic cultureConclusionBibliographyIndex