Food safety assurance in the pre-harvest phase

Inbunden, Engelska, 2002

Del 1 i serien ECVPH Food safety assurance

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Beskrivning

A considerable number of pre-harvest factors jeopardise the safety of foods of animal origin. These include factors related to the food animal environment (industrial activity in the immediate production surroundings leading to microbiological or chemical contamination), epidemiological factors resulting from intrinsic characteristics of classical and emerging microorganisms, an increasing degree of chemical pollution, husbandry / harvesting practices (particularly associated with animal feed), and veterinary activities introducing antibiotic resistancy of foodborne pathogens. All of these areas are addressed in this publication by scientists of worldwide repute and affiliated with both Academia and Industry. The involvement of Public Health strategians representing two most powerful tradeblocks (EU and USA) will be extremely important for the scientific community involved in Food Safety Assurance research, as the policies currently set out will inherently have severe impact on associated research strategies in the next decade.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2002-09-01
Mått:170 x 240 x 22 mm
Vikt:821 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Serie:ECVPH Food safety assurance
Antal sidor:400
Förlag:Wageningen Academic Publishers
ISBN:9789076998053

Utforska kategorier

Djurhållning inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Innehållsförteckning

Preface 13; Keynote contributions 15; The EU food safety action plan 17; Willem Daelman; 1. Introduction 17; 2. The White Paper on Food Safety 17; 3. Issues with an Impact for the Veterinary Public Health Sector 20; 4. Conclusions 22; Approaches to pre-harvest food safety assurance 23; John N. Sofos; Summary 23; 1. Introduction 23; 2. Statement of the Problem 25; 3. Animal Slaughtering Industry Approaches To Food Safety 26; 4. Responsibilities Of The Pre-harvest Sector 27; 5. Chemical Residues and Antimicrobial Resistance Control Approaches 31; 6. Pre-harvest Microbial Pathogen Control Approaches 32; 7. Conclusions 41; References 42; Microbiological concerns associated with animal feed production 49; Serve Notermans and Henk Beumer; Summary 49; 1. Introduction 49; 2. Human Foodborne Diseases 50; 3. Zoonotic Foodborne Diseases 51; 4. Other Relevant Microorganisms and Regulations 57; 5. Special Cases 58; 6. Swill Feeding 61; References 62; Natural and industrial contaminants in animal feeds: emerging substances 63; Johanna Fink-Gremmels; Summary 63; 1. Introduction 63; 2. Heavy Metals 64; 3. Pesticides and Organic Pollutants 66; 4. Mycotoxins 67; 5. Hormonally Active Substances 67; 6. Conclusions 68; References 68. The industrial production of safe animal feeds in Europe 71; Brian C. Cooke; Summary 71; 1. Introduction 71; 2. The EU Legislation 72; 3. Legislation Controlling the Materials which can be Used in Compounded Animal Feeds 72; 4. Legislation Controlling the Manufacture of Compound Animal Feeds 77; 5. FEFAC Guidelines for the Implementation of a Code of Practice for the Manufacture of Animal Feedingstuffs 79; 6. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points 81; 7. Consumer demands 84; 8. Conclusions 85; References 86; Modern methodologies for isolation/typing of animal-borne human pathogens: A research update on epidemiological tools; I. Recombinant antigens for antibody-based diagnosis 87; Christine Citti, Marion Brank and Renate Rosengarten; Summary 87; 1. Introduction 88; 2. Classic Immunoassays Using Native Antigen Preparation 88; 3. Advantages in Using Recombinant Proteins as Target Antigens 89; 4. Generation of Recombinant Antigens 91; 5. Selection of a Target Antigen 94; 6. Recombinant Antigens in Serodiagnostic Applications: Mycoplasma bovis Serology as an Example 95; 7. Drawbacks in Using Recombinant Antigens 100; 8. Use of Recombinant Antigens in Alternative Applications 100; 9. Conclusions 101; References 102; Modern methodologies for isolation/typing of animal-borne human pathogens: A research update on epidemiological tools; II. Quantitative real-time PCR 105; Dieter Klein and Walter H. Gunzburg; Summary 105; 1. Introduction 105; 2. Principle of Real-Time PCR 106; 3. Fidelity of Real-Time PCR assays 107; 4. Influence of Mutations on Sensitivity 109; 5. Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays 110; 6. Applications in Food Hygiene 113; 7. Conclusions 113; References 113. Pre-harvest health and quality monitoring, risk assessment and their relevance to the food chain 115; Jos P. Noordhuizen and John D. Collins; Summary 115; 1. Introduction 115; 2. Herd Health Programmes: the Need for Animal and Farm Monitoring 116; 3. Risks Associated with Trade in Livestock 117; 4. Animal Health and International Trade 119; 5. Food Chain Issues 121; 6. Other Examples of Risk Assessment in Livestock Production in Relation to Human Health 122; 7. Conclusions 122; References 123; Human pathogens associated with on-farm practices - Implications for control and surveillance strategies 125; Andreas Hensel and Heinrich Neubauer; Summary 125; 1. Introduction 126; 2. Zoonoses - Towards a Broadened View 127; 3. Selected Human Pathogens - Spread and Transmission 127; 4. Factors Influencing Human Pathogens at the Farm Level 132; References 137; Emerging pathogenic bacteria of special interest; epidemiological concerns 141; Eystein Skjerve; Summary 141; 1. Introduction 141; 2. An Evolutionary Process 143; 3. The Classics: Milk and Meat 144; 4. Emerging Patterns of Disease 145; 5. Conclusions 149; References 151; Veterinary drug use in farm animal production and the antibiotic resistance problem 153; Frank Moller Aarestrup; Summary 153; 1. Introduction 153; 2. Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents for Food Animals 154; 3. Antimicrobial Resistance 157; 4. Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents 161; 5. Exclusion or Downgrading of Certain Antimicrobial Agents 163; 6. Discussion 164; 7. Conclusions 165; References 167. An overview of current research on animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) 171; Raymond Bradley; Summary 171; 1. Introduction 171; 2. History of TSE 172; 3. Origin of BSE and New TSE 174; 4. Connections between Animal and Human TSE 175; 5. Risks to Humans from BSE 175; 6. The TSE Agents and Strains 176; 7. Detection of Infected Animals 177; 8. BSE in Cattle 177; 9. Control Measures 180; 10. Leakiness of Bans and Further Action 182; 11. Mechanically Recovered Meat (MRM) 183; 12. The Role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) 185; 13. The Role of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) 186; 14. European Commission Decisions 186; 15. Other Actions on BSE 187; 16. Network for Control 188; 17. Lessons from the BSE Epidemic 189; 18. Conclusions 189; References 191; Research-based TSE surveillance strategies in europe 195; Larry G. Paisley and Preben Willeberg; 1. Introduction 195; 2. Surveillance vs. Monitoring 195; 3. Phases in the Development of Surveillance and Monitoring 196; 4. The TSE Situation in Denmark 204; 5. Discussion 207; 6. Conclusions 213; Acknowledgement 214; References 214; Safety aspects associated with preharvest conditions of aquatic food products 217; Hans Henrik Huss; Summary 217; 1. Introduction 218; 2. Biotoxins 219; 3. Pathogenic Bacteria 222; 4. Viruses 224; 5. Parasites 225; 6. Chemicals 227; 7. Concluding remarks 227; References 228. Food safety in seafood; epidemiological concerns related to the geography of fishing grounds 229; Sebastian Hielm, Miia Lindstrom and Hannu Korkeala; Summary 229; 1. Introduction 229; 2. Basic Aspects of Seafood 231; 3. The Initial Microflora of Seafood 232; 4. Fish Safety Concerns 233; 5. Risks Related to the Geography of Selected Fish Pathogens 235; 6. Conclusions 242; References 243; Synopses of other conference contributions 247; Preliminary results of salmonella challenge experiments in broilers fed with fermented liquid feed 249; Lourens Heres; Influence of different types of husbandry and feeding on lead contents of selected cattle tissues 252; Sonja Forster and A. Stolle; C. botulinum contamination in honey 254; Mari Nevas, Sebastian Hielm, Miia Lindstrom and Hannu Korkeala; Honey: Relationships between heavy metals content and place of origin 256; S. Ghidini, G. Campanini and G. Delbono; Prevalence of Salmonella along a meat pork production system 260; N. Korsak, B. Groven, B. Jacob, G. Daube and E. Flament; Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis on a dairy farm 262; R.E.C. Huetink, J.W.B. van der Giessen, J.P.T.M. Noordhuizen and H.W. Ploeger; The influence of the immune status of slaughter pigs on the endogenous contamination of muscle tissue 265; Th. Alter and K. Fehlhaber; Yersiniosis: Foodborne disease and underestimated diagnostical problem 268; H. Neubauer; Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in Danish turkeys at slaughter 271; B. Borck, K. Pedersen and M. Madsen. European follow-up study in Salmonella seronegative and seropositive pig herds 273; D.M.A. Lo Fo Wong, A. Wingstrand, J. Dahl, P.J. van der Wolf and B.M. Thorberg, A. von Altrock; The influence of type of production on the occurrence of Salmonella in the Danish table-egg production 276; T. Hald, S. Kabell and M. Madsen; Detecting Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis from surface water by polymerase chain reaction 279; Ruska Rimhanen-Finne and Marja-Liisa Hanninen; Epidemiology of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Finland 281; Taina T. Niskanen; Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type B, E and F in faecal samples from Swedish pigs 283; Maria Dahlenborg, Peter Radstrom and Elisabeth Borch; Epidemiology and evolution of enterobacteriaceae infections in humans and domestic animals: peri- and post-harvest risk identification and quantification of foodborne transmission 285; D.J. Mellor, S.A. McEwen, W.J. Reilly and S.W.J. Reid; Potential for the spread of food-borne pathogens in the cattle lairage environment 287; A. Small, C.-A. Reid, S. Avery and S. Buncic; The use of plasmid profile analysis to study the epidemiology of salmonellas in broiler chicken flocks 290; C.J. Crowley, J.E.L. Corry, E. Liebana, and R.R.H. Davies; An investigation into the changed physiological state of vibrio organisms as a survival mechanism in response to nutrient limitation at low temperatures 293; Moira Johston; Development of methods to detect Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in biosolids applied to land 296; Jamie Massanet-Nicolau, Andrew Blackwell and Ashley Jonas; On-farm hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) for improving the safety of lamb and beef 299; David Edwards. The disclosure of tuberculous lesions at slaughter in cattle from attested herds in CO. Monaghan in 1995 302; Paul White; Animal health & pre-harvest food safety in organic dairy farming 306; C. Micheal and M.V.B. O'Mahony; The biocontrol of E. coli 0157:H7 at farm level 309; P. McGee, J.J. Sheridan, B. Earley and N. Leonard; Alteration of intestinal cell monolayers by pathogenic Escherichia coli: importance of the tracer used to measure paracellular permeability 311; A.B. Blanc-Potard, S. Etenna and A.L. Servin; Epidemiologic study on post mortem findings recorded in an Italian abattoir for sheep 314; D. Ranucci and S. Serra; Salmonella prevention in styrian parent flocks 317; H. Gruber and J. Kofer; Salmonella monitoring of styrian swine herds 320; J. Kofer, P. Pless and K. Fuchs; Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in styrian broiler flocks 323; P. Pless, B. Ursinitsch and J. Kofer; An example of the application of HACCP principles and methodology to the safety of raw milk production - monitoring raw milk contamination from udder origin 326; Live dairy cull cow characteristics and associated microbial contamination 330; J.N. Sofos, K.E. Belk, C. Rossiter, J.O. Reagan and G.C. Smith; Active surveillance for BSE, targeting risk groups 333; Aline de Koeijer, Bram Schreuder and Mart C.M. de Jong; The cause of variant CJD 335; Andrea Lowman; A pilot study for bse active surveillance in Italy: Preliminary results 339; P.L. Acutis, M. Caramelli, C. Casalone, E. Bozzetta, M. Mazza, E. Pavoletti, G. Moda and G. Ru. The use of waste animal fats as feedstock for the production of an environmental friendly fuel for diesel engines (biodiesel) 342; E. Ahn and M. Mittelbach; Animal TSE surveillance system in the province of Styria 346; P. Wagner, J. Kofer and G. Odorfer; Lead, mercury and cadmium burden of the german mud flats (Wattenmeer) does not hamper quality of common shrimp 349; Hans Marx; Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type E in finnish wild and farmed fish 351; Sebastian Hielm, Eija Hyytia-Trees and Hannu Korkeala; Molecular epidemiology of norwalk-like viruses in Ireland - emerging agents of foodborne disease 353; Barbara Foley, Colin Hill, and John G. Morgan; A case-study of the microbiological condition of a carp pond and the associated fish quality, with particular reference to human pathogens 355; Dagmar Suppin, Bettina Rippel-Rachle, Peter Paulsen, Erich Schopf and Frans J.M. Smulders; Listeria monocytogenes in finnish raw fish 358; Annukka Markkula, Tiina Autio and Hannu Korkeala; Environment-related factors influencing end-aquaculture product quality, focusing on antibiotics residues at the pre-harvest phase 360; E.P. Papapanagiotou; A comparative assessment of the use of ammonium-ferric(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) and bentonite from polish geological deposits in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs 363; Jaroslaw Rachubik; The two component system PHOP/PHOQ is required for full chloramphenicol resistance in the multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 368; Friederike Hilbert and Eduardo A. Groisman; Biographies 373; Index 381.