Edwin Dado is Associate Professor of Military Engineering at the Netherlands Defence Academy. His current research interests include hydraulic warfare, area denial and force protection engineering.Rene Janssen is Associate Professor of Mathematics and Operations Research at the Faculty of Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy. His research interest focusses on network theory and stochastics related to military operations research.Roy Hamans is Assistant Professor of Defence Economics at the Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy. His expertise lies at the intersection of innovation, technology, strategy, and finance, with a focus on challenging environments. Drawing on experience in both the private sector and government, he holds a PhD in Engineering from the University of Cambridge and an MBA from IMD Lausanne, among other qualifications.Marc Gouw is a lieutenant-colonel in the Royal Netherlands Army and an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy. He teaches within the field of military operational sciences, focusing on military operations in warfighting scenarios. His research is currently dedicated to understanding modern land warfare, notably the interplay between military intelligence and targeting.Kerry Malone is a Senior Scientist at TNO, and a Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands Defence Academy. Her interests include methodologies to assess supply and logistics concepts in a defence context. Kerry is a national scientific representative in the NATO Science and Technology Systems Analysis and Studies Panel.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword – by the Dean of the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy Patrick Oonincx Foreword – by the Netherlands Military Representative to the NATO and EU Military Committees General Dick van Ingen Introduction Roy Hamans, Marc Gouw, Edwin Dado, René Janssen and Kerry Malone Chapter 1. Strategic Blind Spots in A2/AD Analysis Peter van Maurik Chapter 2. Restoring NATO's decision dominance: countering A2/AD's evolution from shields to systems through joint all adaption Roy Hamans and Robert Bertrand Chapter 3. Anti-Access/Area Denial - Prevailing Over the Threats and Challenges Rémon ten Bhömer, Andreas Hörnedal, Simon Purton, Stian Betten and Petteri Puusa Chapter 4. The threat of hypersonic glide vehicles in A2/AD scenarios Ralph Savelsberg, Mitchell Kampert and Arthur Vermeulen Chapter 5. Multi-band Neutralization of Drones with High-Power Microwave RADAR Technology: A Multi-Domain Approach for Anti-Access and Area Denial Joost van Oostrum Chapter 6. Electromagnetic dominance, invisible cornerstone of modern A2/AD Susan Varenbrink and Alexander Schmets Chapter 7. Navigation Warfare: Access denial to Position, Navigation and Timing information Barend Lubbers Chapter 8. Smart prioritization for detecting, tracking and neutralizing targets in swarming attacks Mark Voskuijl, Ronald Nijboer, Martijn Scherpenzeel, Tomas van Summeren, Jory Veldman and Denise Mollink Chapter 9. When models meet war: OR and AI robustness for Western doctrine in A2/AD Ramon Soesan, Mark Patrick Roeling and Roy Lindelauf Chapter 10. Navigating Contested Airspace: Multi-Objective Path Optimization for UAVs in A2/AD Environments - Decision-Support through Pareto-Based Trade-Off Analysis Alexander van Oers, Jochem van Dam and Relinde Jurrius Chapter 11. Hydraulic Warfare: Low-Tech Area Denial in High-Tech Conflicts Sebastiaan Leertouwer, Alexander Schmets, Danny Janssen, Dennis Krabbenborg and Edwin Dado Chapter 12. Geography as an Adaptable Strategic Enabler: Military Engineering within Multi-Domain Operations Johan Kranenburg and Ruud Moeskops Chapter 13. The critical state of cyberspace Hans-Dieter Hiep Chapter 14. Decision Making for Resilient Logistics in Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) Herman Monsuur, Paul van Fenema and Kerry Malone Chapter 15. Self-Defence Zones in Outer Space under International Law: A Lawful A2/AD Measure? Louisa Handel-Mazzetti, Arjen Vermeer and Marten Zwanenburg Chapter 16. Shooting for the stars, falling in the ratings: Missile tests and country risk Jeroen Klomp Discussion and Conclusions Edwin Dado, René Janssen, Kerry Malone, Roy Hamans and Marc Gouw About the Editors About the Authors