Miriam Gazzah has studied Mediterranean studies at the Radboud University Nijmegen. She graduated in 2001. Her master thesis focused on the development of the raï music subculture in the seventies, eighties and nineties in Algeria. Between 2003 and 2007 she was a PhD Fellow at International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) in Leiden and the Radboud University Nijmegen.

• Contents - 6 Acknowledgements - 8 Introduction - 10 1. Theorizing identity: music and youth culture - 50 2. An outline of the Dutch-Maroccan music scene - 82 3. Music, events and idetification processes - 114 4. Music, Islam, and gender - 142 5. Dutch-Maroccan hip-hop and stereotypes - 190 Conclusion - 232 Suggestions for further study - 240 Appendix - 244 Notes - 246 Bibliography - 254 Summary in Dutch - 272 Curriculum vitae - 280

Miriam Gazzah has studied Mediterranean studies at the Radboud University Nijmegen. She graduated in 2001. Her master thesis focused on the development of the raï music subculture in the seventies, eighties and nineties in Algeria. Between 2003 and 2007 she was a PhD Fellow at International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) in Leiden and the Radboud University Nijmegen.

• Contents - 6 Acknowledgements - 8 Introduction - 10 1. Theorizing identity: music and youth culture - 50 2. An outline of the Dutch-Maroccan music scene - 82 3. Music, events and idetification processes - 114 4. Music, Islam, and gender - 142 5. Dutch-Maroccan hip-hop and stereotypes - 190 Conclusion - 232 Suggestions for further study - 240 Appendix - 244 Notes - 246 Bibliography - 254 Summary in Dutch - 272 Curriculum vitae - 280

Miriam Gazzah has studied Mediterranean studies at the Radboud University Nijmegen. She graduated in 2001. Her master thesis focused on the development of the raï music subculture in the seventies, eighties and nineties in Algeria. Between 2003 and 2007 she was a PhD Fellow at International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) in Leiden and the Radboud University Nijmegen.

• Contents - 6 Acknowledgements - 8 Introduction - 10 1. Theorizing identity: music and youth culture - 50 2. An outline of the Dutch-Maroccan music scene - 82 3. Music, events and idetification processes - 114 4. Music, Islam, and gender - 142 5. Dutch-Maroccan hip-hop and stereotypes - 190 Conclusion - 232 Suggestions for further study - 240 Appendix - 244 Notes - 246 Bibliography - 254 Summary in Dutch - 272 Curriculum vitae - 280