Om Prakash, PhD Microbiology Scientist National Centre for Microbial Resource National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.Dilip R. Ranade, PhD Microbiology Ex-Officiating Director and Scientist-G (Retd.) MACS-Agharkar Research Institute Pune, Maharashtra, India.

• Foreword by Prof. T. Satyanarayana, Foreword by Prof. Rup Lal, Foreword by Dr. Hemant J Purohit PrefaceList of Contributors1.Technical Considerations for Cultivation and Purification of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Om Prakash and Dilip R. Ranade 2. Preservation of Anaerobic Microbes: Past, Present and Future, Krishna K Yadav, Yogesh Nimonkar, Shubhanjali Singh Vaidehi Mirashi, Om Prakash 3. Insights Into the Diversity of Anoxygenic Phototrophic, Bacteria and Its Application Tushar Lodha Prachi Karodi 4. Anaerobic Fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in Ruminant and Non-ruminant Animals: Advances in Taxonomy, Ecology, Cultivation and Biotechnological Potential Rohit Sharma, Dilip R. Ranade 5. Methanogens: The Unique, Unicellular Powerhouses of Future, Manasi P. Tukdeo, Kasturi Deore, Prashant K Dhakephalkar Vikram B. Lanjekar 6. Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane: A Brief Overview , Monali C. Rahalkar, Kumal Khatri, Pranitha S. Pandit Jyoti A. Mohite, Rahul A. Bahulikar 7. Microbial Sulfur Compound Respiration, Sheetal Shirodkar, Geetika Sharma and Nancy Garg 8. Anaerobes: The Essential Commensal Microbiota of Ruminants, Shailendra Kumar and Sarah Fatima 9. Biohydrogen (Synthesis from Bioprocesses) with Impact of Clean Fuel Development, Sruthy Vineed Nedungadi, Leena Kamlaskar-Kulkarni Rajesh K. Srivastava 10. Anaerobic Process of Bio-butanol Production and Its Use as Biofuel, Kajal Gopal Singh and D.R. Ranade 11. Anaerobic Process of Solid-Waste Management and Bio-composting, Shraddha Shaligram Vajjhala, Vikas Patil, Ashish Polkade 12. Role of Anaerobes in Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Cycling, Rakesh Kumar Gupta Suraj P. Nakhate, Ashish K. Singh, Atul R. Chavan Bhagyashri Poddar, Anshuman A. Khardenavis, Hemant J. Purohit 13. The Emerging Threat of Anaerobic Infections, Aruna Poojary and Anurag Kumar Bari 14. Anaerobes as an Emerging Probiotics, Vikas C. Ghattargi, Yogesh S. Shouche, Shrikant P. Pawar 15. Human Gut: An Ideal Habitat for Anaerobes, Rahul Bodkhe Akshay Gaike, Abhijit Kulkarni and Yogesh S. Shouche 16. Biotechnological Applications of Anaerobes, Charu Dogra Rawat and Manisha Arora Pandit

Om Prakash, PhD Microbiology Scientist National Centre for Microbial Resource National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.Dilip R. Ranade, PhD Microbiology Ex-Officiating Director and Scientist-G (Retd.) MACS-Agharkar Research Institute Pune, Maharashtra, India.

• Foreword by Prof. T. Satyanarayana, Foreword by Prof. Rup Lal, Foreword by Dr. Hemant J Purohit PrefaceList of Contributors1.Technical Considerations for Cultivation and Purification of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Om Prakash and Dilip R. Ranade 2. Preservation of Anaerobic Microbes: Past, Present and Future, Krishna K Yadav, Yogesh Nimonkar, Shubhanjali Singh Vaidehi Mirashi, Om Prakash 3. Insights Into the Diversity of Anoxygenic Phototrophic, Bacteria and Its Application Tushar Lodha Prachi Karodi 4. Anaerobic Fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in Ruminant and Non-ruminant Animals: Advances in Taxonomy, Ecology, Cultivation and Biotechnological Potential Rohit Sharma, Dilip R. Ranade 5. Methanogens: The Unique, Unicellular Powerhouses of Future, Manasi P. Tukdeo, Kasturi Deore, Prashant K Dhakephalkar Vikram B. Lanjekar 6. Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane: A Brief Overview , Monali C. Rahalkar, Kumal Khatri, Pranitha S. Pandit Jyoti A. Mohite, Rahul A. Bahulikar 7. Microbial Sulfur Compound Respiration, Sheetal Shirodkar, Geetika Sharma and Nancy Garg 8. Anaerobes: The Essential Commensal Microbiota of Ruminants, Shailendra Kumar and Sarah Fatima 9. Biohydrogen (Synthesis from Bioprocesses) with Impact of Clean Fuel Development, Sruthy Vineed Nedungadi, Leena Kamlaskar-Kulkarni Rajesh K. Srivastava 10. Anaerobic Process of Bio-butanol Production and Its Use as Biofuel, Kajal Gopal Singh and D.R. Ranade 11. Anaerobic Process of Solid-Waste Management and Bio-composting, Shraddha Shaligram Vajjhala, Vikas Patil, Ashish Polkade 12. Role of Anaerobes in Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Cycling, Rakesh Kumar Gupta Suraj P. Nakhate, Ashish K. Singh, Atul R. Chavan Bhagyashri Poddar, Anshuman A. Khardenavis, Hemant J. Purohit 13. The Emerging Threat of Anaerobic Infections, Aruna Poojary and Anurag Kumar Bari 14. Anaerobes as an Emerging Probiotics, Vikas C. Ghattargi, Yogesh S. Shouche, Shrikant P. Pawar 15. Human Gut: An Ideal Habitat for Anaerobes, Rahul Bodkhe Akshay Gaike, Abhijit Kulkarni and Yogesh S. Shouche 16. Biotechnological Applications of Anaerobes, Charu Dogra Rawat and Manisha Arora Pandit

Om Prakash, PhD Microbiology Scientist National Centre for Microbial Resource National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.Dilip R. Ranade, PhD Microbiology Ex-Officiating Director and Scientist-G (Retd.) MACS-Agharkar Research Institute Pune, Maharashtra, India.

• Foreword by Prof. T. Satyanarayana, Foreword by Prof. Rup Lal, Foreword by Dr. Hemant J Purohit PrefaceList of Contributors1.Technical Considerations for Cultivation and Purification of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Om Prakash and Dilip R. Ranade 2. Preservation of Anaerobic Microbes: Past, Present and Future, Krishna K Yadav, Yogesh Nimonkar, Shubhanjali Singh Vaidehi Mirashi, Om Prakash 3. Insights Into the Diversity of Anoxygenic Phototrophic, Bacteria and Its Application Tushar Lodha Prachi Karodi 4. Anaerobic Fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in Ruminant and Non-ruminant Animals: Advances in Taxonomy, Ecology, Cultivation and Biotechnological Potential Rohit Sharma, Dilip R. Ranade 5. Methanogens: The Unique, Unicellular Powerhouses of Future, Manasi P. Tukdeo, Kasturi Deore, Prashant K Dhakephalkar Vikram B. Lanjekar 6. Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane: A Brief Overview , Monali C. Rahalkar, Kumal Khatri, Pranitha S. Pandit Jyoti A. Mohite, Rahul A. Bahulikar 7. Microbial Sulfur Compound Respiration, Sheetal Shirodkar, Geetika Sharma and Nancy Garg 8. Anaerobes: The Essential Commensal Microbiota of Ruminants, Shailendra Kumar and Sarah Fatima 9. Biohydrogen (Synthesis from Bioprocesses) with Impact of Clean Fuel Development, Sruthy Vineed Nedungadi, Leena Kamlaskar-Kulkarni Rajesh K. Srivastava 10. Anaerobic Process of Bio-butanol Production and Its Use as Biofuel, Kajal Gopal Singh and D.R. Ranade 11. Anaerobic Process of Solid-Waste Management and Bio-composting, Shraddha Shaligram Vajjhala, Vikas Patil, Ashish Polkade 12. Role of Anaerobes in Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Cycling, Rakesh Kumar Gupta Suraj P. Nakhate, Ashish K. Singh, Atul R. Chavan Bhagyashri Poddar, Anshuman A. Khardenavis, Hemant J. Purohit 13. The Emerging Threat of Anaerobic Infections, Aruna Poojary and Anurag Kumar Bari 14. Anaerobes as an Emerging Probiotics, Vikas C. Ghattargi, Yogesh S. Shouche, Shrikant P. Pawar 15. Human Gut: An Ideal Habitat for Anaerobes, Rahul Bodkhe Akshay Gaike, Abhijit Kulkarni and Yogesh S. Shouche 16. Biotechnological Applications of Anaerobes, Charu Dogra Rawat and Manisha Arora Pandit