Dr. Kathleen E. Mandt is a Senior Research Scientist at Southwest Research Institute. She is currently serving on the science team of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) Ion Electron Spectrometer (IES) and until recently acted as the liaison between IES and the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) teams. Dr. Mandt is also a member of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) science team, previously served on the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer science team and is an Adjoint Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Her primary research involves studies of atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and evolution based on in situ and remote sensing observations.Professor Olivier Mousis is a member of the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille at Aix-Marseille Université. He is the author or co-author of about 150 papers in the fields of physical chemistry ofthe protosolar nebula, the formation of comets, giant planets and satellites. He is currently contributing to the interpretation of the data returned from the ROSINA and PTOLEMY instruments flying aboard the Rosetta mission. Professor Mousis is also involved in the preparation of the ESA JUICE and NASA Europa-Clipper missions as team member of several instruments selected to be flown aboard.The main field of research of Dr. Dominique Bockelée-Morvan is the study of the molecular and isotopic composition of cometary ices from ground or space-based observations in the millimeter and infrared wavelength ranges, including with interferometry techniques. She was involved in several projects making use of the Herschel Space observatory. She is co-investigator of the MIRO and VIRTIS instruments onboard Rosetta, and of the MAJIS and SWI instruments for the JUICE mission.Professor Christopher T. Russell is a member of the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences at the University of California Los Angeles and the Planetary Sciences Editor of Space Science Reviews.  He is currently the Principal Investigator of NASA’s Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres and a team member on the Cassini, InSight, Europa, STEREO and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions.

• Dedication to Claudia Alexander.- Dedication to Claudia Alexander.- Comets as Tracers of Solar System Formation and Evolution.- The Composition of Comets.- Cometary Isotopic Measurements.- The Subsurface Structure and Density of Cometary Nuclei.- Laboratory Studies Towards Understanding Comets.- The Composition of the Protosolar Disk and the Formation Conditions for Comets.- Origin and Evolution of the Cometary Reservoirs.- On the Evolution of Comets.- Constraints from Comets on the Formation and Volatile Acquisition of the Planets and Satellites.

Dr. Kathleen E. Mandt is a Senior Research Scientist at Southwest Research Institute. She is currently serving on the science team of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) Ion Electron Spectrometer (IES) and until recently acted as the liaison between IES and the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) teams. Dr. Mandt is also a member of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) science team, previously served on the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer science team and is an Adjoint Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Her primary research involves studies of atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and evolution based on in situ and remote sensing observations.Professor Olivier Mousis is a member of the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille at Aix-Marseille Université. He is the author or co-author of about 150 papers in the fields of physical chemistry ofthe protosolar nebula, the formation of comets, giant planets and satellites. He is currently contributing to the interpretation of the data returned from the ROSINA and PTOLEMY instruments flying aboard the Rosetta mission. Professor Mousis is also involved in the preparation of the ESA JUICE and NASA Europa-Clipper missions as team member of several instruments selected to be flown aboard.The main field of research of Dr. Dominique Bockelée-Morvan is the study of the molecular and isotopic composition of cometary ices from ground or space-based observations in the millimeter and infrared wavelength ranges, including with interferometry techniques. She was involved in several projects making use of the Herschel Space observatory. She is co-investigator of the MIRO and VIRTIS instruments onboard Rosetta, and of the MAJIS and SWI instruments for the JUICE mission.Professor Christopher T. Russell is a member of the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences at the University of California Los Angeles and the Planetary Sciences Editor of Space Science Reviews.  He is currently the Principal Investigator of NASA’s Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres and a team member on the Cassini, InSight, Europa, STEREO and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions.

• Dedication to Claudia Alexander.- Dedication to Claudia Alexander.- Comets as Tracers of Solar System Formation and Evolution.- The Composition of Comets.- Cometary Isotopic Measurements.- The Subsurface Structure and Density of Cometary Nuclei.- Laboratory Studies Towards Understanding Comets.- The Composition of the Protosolar Disk and the Formation Conditions for Comets.- Origin and Evolution of the Cometary Reservoirs.- On the Evolution of Comets.- Constraints from Comets on the Formation and Volatile Acquisition of the Planets and Satellites.

Dr. Kathleen E. Mandt is a Senior Research Scientist at Southwest Research Institute. She is currently serving on the science team of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) Ion Electron Spectrometer (IES) and until recently acted as the liaison between IES and the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) teams. Dr. Mandt is also a member of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) science team, previously served on the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer science team and is an Adjoint Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Her primary research involves studies of atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and evolution based on in situ and remote sensing observations.Professor Olivier Mousis is a member of the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille at Aix-Marseille Université. He is the author or co-author of about 150 papers in the fields of physical chemistry ofthe protosolar nebula, the formation of comets, giant planets and satellites. He is currently contributing to the interpretation of the data returned from the ROSINA and PTOLEMY instruments flying aboard the Rosetta mission. Professor Mousis is also involved in the preparation of the ESA JUICE and NASA Europa-Clipper missions as team member of several instruments selected to be flown aboard.The main field of research of Dr. Dominique Bockelée-Morvan is the study of the molecular and isotopic composition of cometary ices from ground or space-based observations in the millimeter and infrared wavelength ranges, including with interferometry techniques. She was involved in several projects making use of the Herschel Space observatory. She is co-investigator of the MIRO and VIRTIS instruments onboard Rosetta, and of the MAJIS and SWI instruments for the JUICE mission.Professor Christopher T. Russell is a member of the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences at the University of California Los Angeles and the Planetary Sciences Editor of Space Science Reviews.  He is currently the Principal Investigator of NASA’s Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres and a team member on the Cassini, InSight, Europa, STEREO and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions.

• Dedication to Claudia Alexander.- Dedication to Claudia Alexander.- Comets as Tracers of Solar System Formation and Evolution.- The Composition of Comets.- Cometary Isotopic Measurements.- The Subsurface Structure and Density of Cometary Nuclei.- Laboratory Studies Towards Understanding Comets.- The Composition of the Protosolar Disk and the Formation Conditions for Comets.- Origin and Evolution of the Cometary Reservoirs.- On the Evolution of Comets.- Constraints from Comets on the Formation and Volatile Acquisition of the Planets and Satellites.