Professor Ishihama Yumiko is a tenured faculty member of the School of Education, Waseda University, Japan, and the author of a number of English and Japanese language articles in the field of Tibetan and Central Asian history. Alex McKay is a retired lecturer and research fellow at London University SOAS, UCL, and the IIAS (Leiden). He is the author of four monographs and 45 articles on Indo-Tibetan history, and editor/co-editor of five collected works. Daichi Wada holds a JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Research Fellowship for Young Scientists at the Graduate School of Education, Waseda University. Email: wadaichi@toki.waseda.jp Tachibana Makoto is a Professor at Shimonoseki City University and the co-author of The Resurgence of “Buddhist Government”. Tibetan-Mongolian Relations in the Modern World. Email: mtachi@mvd.biglobe.ne.jp Sergius L. Kuzmin, Ph. D. (Biol.), D. Sc. (Hist.), is the Leading Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Email: ipe51@yahoo.com Baatr U. Kitinov is a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of RAS, and has a Ph.D. from IAAS of MSU (Moscow, Russia). Email: b.kitinov@gmail.com Inoue Takehiko is a Specially-Appointed Assistant Professor at the Slavic Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University. His research focuses on Kalmyk History and Russian Buddhist culture. Email: inouetkhk@gmail.com Hamugetu is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University. He specializes in the modern history of Inner Mongolia. His most recent publication is “Thoughts and Movements in Inner Mongolian Nationalist Movement in Modern Time: The Philosophical Framework of Nationalist Movement Organization 1924–1933,” in Studies in Cultural Sciences 14 (In Press) [in Japanese]. Email: hamugetu3@yahoo.co.jp Nikolay Tsyrempilov is an Associate Professor at Nazarbayev University. His research is focused on the history of the Buryat Buddhist community in Russia and the early Soviet Union. Email: tsyrempilov@gmail.com

• Preface Introduction (Alex McKay) 1 The Impact of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Sojourn in Mongolia: Arousing the National Consciousness of Tibetan Buddhists from 1904 to 1908 (Ishihama Yumiko) 2 The Modern and Traditional Diplomacy of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama During His Sojourn in Khalkha and Qinghai (1904–1907) (Wada Daichi) 3 Friendship and Antagonism: Tibetans and Money in Early Twentieth-Century Mongolia (Tachibana Makoto) 4 The Tibet-Mongolia Political Interface in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: Data from Russian Archives (Sergius L. Kuzmin) 5 A Study of three Tibetan letters attributed to Dorzhiev held by the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ishihama Yumiko and Inoue Takehiko) 6 Russian Archival Documents on the Revitalization of Buddhism Among the Kalmyks in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (Baatr Kitinov) 7 Buddhist Devotion to the Russian Tsar : The Bicultural Environment of the Don Kalmyk Sangha and Russian Orthodox Church in the 1830s (Inoue Takehiko) 8 Russian Tsar as Cakravartin: A Buryat Lama’s View of the Coronation of Nicholas II (Nikolay Tsyrempilov) 9 The Struggle between Tradition and Modernity in the Early Twentieth Century of the Tibetan Buddhist World: A case study of the Seventh lCang-skya’s activities from 1912–1957 (Hamugetu) Index

Professor Ishihama Yumiko is a tenured faculty member of the School of Education, Waseda University, Japan, and the author of a number of English and Japanese language articles in the field of Tibetan and Central Asian history. Alex McKay is a retired lecturer and research fellow at London University SOAS, UCL, and the IIAS (Leiden). He is the author of four monographs and 45 articles on Indo-Tibetan history, and editor/co-editor of five collected works. Daichi Wada holds a JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Research Fellowship for Young Scientists at the Graduate School of Education, Waseda University. Email: wadaichi@toki.waseda.jp Tachibana Makoto is a Professor at Shimonoseki City University and the co-author of The Resurgence of “Buddhist Government”. Tibetan-Mongolian Relations in the Modern World. Email: mtachi@mvd.biglobe.ne.jp Sergius L. Kuzmin, Ph. D. (Biol.), D. Sc. (Hist.), is the Leading Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Email: ipe51@yahoo.com Baatr U. Kitinov is a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of RAS, and has a Ph.D. from IAAS of MSU (Moscow, Russia). Email: b.kitinov@gmail.com Inoue Takehiko is a Specially-Appointed Assistant Professor at the Slavic Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University. His research focuses on Kalmyk History and Russian Buddhist culture. Email: inouetkhk@gmail.com Hamugetu is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University. He specializes in the modern history of Inner Mongolia. His most recent publication is “Thoughts and Movements in Inner Mongolian Nationalist Movement in Modern Time: The Philosophical Framework of Nationalist Movement Organization 1924–1933,” in Studies in Cultural Sciences 14 (In Press) [in Japanese]. Email: hamugetu3@yahoo.co.jp Nikolay Tsyrempilov is an Associate Professor at Nazarbayev University. His research is focused on the history of the Buryat Buddhist community in Russia and the early Soviet Union. Email: tsyrempilov@gmail.com

• Preface Introduction (Alex McKay) 1 The Impact of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Sojourn in Mongolia: Arousing the National Consciousness of Tibetan Buddhists from 1904 to 1908 (Ishihama Yumiko) 2 The Modern and Traditional Diplomacy of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama During His Sojourn in Khalkha and Qinghai (1904–1907) (Wada Daichi) 3 Friendship and Antagonism: Tibetans and Money in Early Twentieth-Century Mongolia (Tachibana Makoto) 4 The Tibet-Mongolia Political Interface in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: Data from Russian Archives (Sergius L. Kuzmin) 5 A Study of three Tibetan letters attributed to Dorzhiev held by the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ishihama Yumiko and Inoue Takehiko) 6 Russian Archival Documents on the Revitalization of Buddhism Among the Kalmyks in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (Baatr Kitinov) 7 Buddhist Devotion to the Russian Tsar : The Bicultural Environment of the Don Kalmyk Sangha and Russian Orthodox Church in the 1830s (Inoue Takehiko) 8 Russian Tsar as Cakravartin: A Buryat Lama’s View of the Coronation of Nicholas II (Nikolay Tsyrempilov) 9 The Struggle between Tradition and Modernity in the Early Twentieth Century of the Tibetan Buddhist World: A case study of the Seventh lCang-skya’s activities from 1912–1957 (Hamugetu) Index

Professor Ishihama Yumiko is a tenured faculty member of the School of Education, Waseda University, Japan, and the author of a number of English and Japanese language articles in the field of Tibetan and Central Asian history. Alex McKay is a retired lecturer and research fellow at London University SOAS, UCL, and the IIAS (Leiden). He is the author of four monographs and 45 articles on Indo-Tibetan history, and editor/co-editor of five collected works. Daichi Wada holds a JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Research Fellowship for Young Scientists at the Graduate School of Education, Waseda University. Email: wadaichi@toki.waseda.jp Tachibana Makoto is a Professor at Shimonoseki City University and the co-author of The Resurgence of “Buddhist Government”. Tibetan-Mongolian Relations in the Modern World. Email: mtachi@mvd.biglobe.ne.jp Sergius L. Kuzmin, Ph. D. (Biol.), D. Sc. (Hist.), is the Leading Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Email: ipe51@yahoo.com Baatr U. Kitinov is a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of RAS, and has a Ph.D. from IAAS of MSU (Moscow, Russia). Email: b.kitinov@gmail.com Inoue Takehiko is a Specially-Appointed Assistant Professor at the Slavic Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University. His research focuses on Kalmyk History and Russian Buddhist culture. Email: inouetkhk@gmail.com Hamugetu is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University. He specializes in the modern history of Inner Mongolia. His most recent publication is “Thoughts and Movements in Inner Mongolian Nationalist Movement in Modern Time: The Philosophical Framework of Nationalist Movement Organization 1924–1933,” in Studies in Cultural Sciences 14 (In Press) [in Japanese]. Email: hamugetu3@yahoo.co.jp Nikolay Tsyrempilov is an Associate Professor at Nazarbayev University. His research is focused on the history of the Buryat Buddhist community in Russia and the early Soviet Union. Email: tsyrempilov@gmail.com

• Preface Introduction (Alex McKay) 1 The Impact of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Sojourn in Mongolia: Arousing the National Consciousness of Tibetan Buddhists from 1904 to 1908 (Ishihama Yumiko) 2 The Modern and Traditional Diplomacy of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama During His Sojourn in Khalkha and Qinghai (1904–1907) (Wada Daichi) 3 Friendship and Antagonism: Tibetans and Money in Early Twentieth-Century Mongolia (Tachibana Makoto) 4 The Tibet-Mongolia Political Interface in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: Data from Russian Archives (Sergius L. Kuzmin) 5 A Study of three Tibetan letters attributed to Dorzhiev held by the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ishihama Yumiko and Inoue Takehiko) 6 Russian Archival Documents on the Revitalization of Buddhism Among the Kalmyks in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (Baatr Kitinov) 7 Buddhist Devotion to the Russian Tsar : The Bicultural Environment of the Don Kalmyk Sangha and Russian Orthodox Church in the 1830s (Inoue Takehiko) 8 Russian Tsar as Cakravartin: A Buryat Lama’s View of the Coronation of Nicholas II (Nikolay Tsyrempilov) 9 The Struggle between Tradition and Modernity in the Early Twentieth Century of the Tibetan Buddhist World: A case study of the Seventh lCang-skya’s activities from 1912–1957 (Hamugetu) Index