Dr. Xinxin Ma is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, and she has served as the editor of the Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies, and the Journal of Chinese Economics. Her current research project focuses on social security policy reform and its impacts on the labor market, population aging and labor force participation of women and the elderly, and income inequality in China and Japan. Her articles have appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as China Economic Review, China & World Economy, Journal of Asian Economics, Journal of Economics and Business, and Journal of Happiness Studies. Her recent books are Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer Nature 2021), Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan 2021), and Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China (Palgrave Macmillan 2018).

• 1 Introduction.- Part I Institutional Transformations of Public Medical Insurances.- 2 Medical Insurances Reform in Rural China.- 3 Medical Insurance Reform in Urban China.- 4 Issues of Public Medical Insurance Reform .- Part II Impacts of Public Medical Insurance Reform in China: Evidence Based on Empirical Studies.- 5 Determinants of Medical Insurance Participation of Urban Residents.- 6 Determinants of Participation in Medical Insurances: Comparison between Urban and Rural Residents.- 7 New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and Its Effects on the Utilization of Healthcare Services.- 8 Medical Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Expenses on Medical Care.- 9 Medical Insurances and Financial Portfolio Choice.- 10 Public Medical Insurances and Subjective Well-being in Rural China.- Index

Dr. Xinxin Ma is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, and she has served as the editor of the Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies, and the Journal of Chinese Economics. Her current research project focuses on social security policy reform and its impacts on the labor market, population aging and labor force participation of women and the elderly, and income inequality in China and Japan. Her articles have appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as China Economic Review, China & World Economy, Journal of Asian Economics, Journal of Economics and Business, and Journal of Happiness Studies. Her recent books are Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer Nature 2021), Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan 2021), and Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China (Palgrave Macmillan 2018).

• 1 Introduction.- Part I Institutional Transformations of Public Medical Insurances.- 2 Medical Insurances Reform in Rural China.- 3 Medical Insurance Reform in Urban China.- 4 Issues of Public Medical Insurance Reform .- Part II Impacts of Public Medical Insurance Reform in China: Evidence Based on Empirical Studies.- 5 Determinants of Medical Insurance Participation of Urban Residents.- 6 Determinants of Participation in Medical Insurances: Comparison between Urban and Rural Residents.- 7 New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and Its Effects on the Utilization of Healthcare Services.- 8 Medical Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Expenses on Medical Care.- 9 Medical Insurances and Financial Portfolio Choice.- 10 Public Medical Insurances and Subjective Well-being in Rural China.- Index

Dr. Xinxin Ma is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, and she has served as the editor of the Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies, and the Journal of Chinese Economics. Her current research project focuses on social security policy reform and its impacts on the labor market, population aging and labor force participation of women and the elderly, and income inequality in China and Japan. Her articles have appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as China Economic Review, China & World Economy, Journal of Asian Economics, Journal of Economics and Business, and Journal of Happiness Studies. Her recent books are Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer Nature 2021), Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan 2021), and Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China (Palgrave Macmillan 2018).

• 1 Introduction.- Part I Institutional Transformations of Public Medical Insurances.- 2 Medical Insurances Reform in Rural China.- 3 Medical Insurance Reform in Urban China.- 4 Issues of Public Medical Insurance Reform .- Part II Impacts of Public Medical Insurance Reform in China: Evidence Based on Empirical Studies.- 5 Determinants of Medical Insurance Participation of Urban Residents.- 6 Determinants of Participation in Medical Insurances: Comparison between Urban and Rural Residents.- 7 New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and Its Effects on the Utilization of Healthcare Services.- 8 Medical Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Expenses on Medical Care.- 9 Medical Insurances and Financial Portfolio Choice.- 10 Public Medical Insurances and Subjective Well-being in Rural China.- Index