Dr. Xinxin Ma is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University. She has a Ph. D in labor economics from Keio University. She was the co-editor of the Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies, and the Journal of Chinese Economics. Her current research interests focus on the comparative study on the social security policy reform and its impact on labor market outcomes, and income inequality in China and Japan. Her recent works have been published in China Economic Review, Journal of Asian Economics, China & World Economy, Economic Systems, Journal of Family and Economic Issues and Journal of Happiness Studies. She is the author of Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer Nature, 2021), and Public Medical Insurance Reforms in China (Springer Nature, 2022), and the single editor of Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021).

• Introduction.- Institutional Transitions and Issues on Public Pensions in China.- Public Pension Reforms in China: Process and Institutional Contents.- Towards a Universal Chinese Future Public Pension Structure.- Interest Rate Difference Loss of the Individual Account in Employees’ Basic Pension Insurance.- Issues on Increasing the Contribution Rate of the Funded Defined Contribution.- Financial Sustainability and Adequacy Issues on Social Security Pensions.- Impacts of Public Pensions on Households or Firms’ Behaviours in China.- Public Pension and Regional Disparity in Household Consumption.- New Rural Social Pension Insurance Scheme and No-Agricultural Employment of Rural Older Adults.- Public Pension and Household Financial Asset Allocation.- Public Pension and Income Transfer between the Elderly and Their Children.- Seniority Wage, Mandatory Retirement and Employment of Older Workers.- Impacts of Public Pensions on Well-being in China.- Public Pension and Health among Rural Middle-aged and Older Adults.- Functioning and Well-being of Older Adults: A Capability Approach.- Public Pension and Subjective Well-being among Rural Middle-aged and Older Adults.

Dr. Xinxin Ma is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University. She has a Ph. D in labor economics from Keio University. She was the co-editor of the Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies, and the Journal of Chinese Economics. Her current research interests focus on the comparative study on the social security policy reform and its impact on labor market outcomes, and income inequality in China and Japan. Her recent works have been published in China Economic Review, Journal of Asian Economics, China & World Economy, Economic Systems, Journal of Family and Economic Issues and Journal of Happiness Studies. She is the author of Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer Nature, 2021), and Public Medical Insurance Reforms in China (Springer Nature, 2022), and the single editor of Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021).

• Introduction.- Institutional Transitions and Issues on Public Pensions in China.- Public Pension Reforms in China: Process and Institutional Contents.- Towards a Universal Chinese Future Public Pension Structure.- Interest Rate Difference Loss of the Individual Account in Employees’ Basic Pension Insurance.- Issues on Increasing the Contribution Rate of the Funded Defined Contribution.- Financial Sustainability and Adequacy Issues on Social Security Pensions.- Impacts of Public Pensions on Households or Firms’ Behaviours in China.- Public Pension and Regional Disparity in Household Consumption.- New Rural Social Pension Insurance Scheme and No-Agricultural Employment of Rural Older Adults.- Public Pension and Household Financial Asset Allocation.- Public Pension and Income Transfer between the Elderly and Their Children.- Seniority Wage, Mandatory Retirement and Employment of Older Workers.- Impacts of Public Pensions on Well-being in China.- Public Pension and Health among Rural Middle-aged and Older Adults.- Functioning and Well-being of Older Adults: A Capability Approach.- Public Pension and Subjective Well-being among Rural Middle-aged and Older Adults.

Dr. Xinxin Ma is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University. She has a Ph. D in labor economics from Keio University. She was the co-editor of the Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies, and the Journal of Chinese Economics. Her current research interests focus on the comparative study on the social security policy reform and its impact on labor market outcomes, and income inequality in China and Japan. Her recent works have been published in China Economic Review, Journal of Asian Economics, China & World Economy, Economic Systems, Journal of Family and Economic Issues and Journal of Happiness Studies. She is the author of Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer Nature, 2021), and Public Medical Insurance Reforms in China (Springer Nature, 2022), and the single editor of Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021).

• Introduction.- Institutional Transitions and Issues on Public Pensions in China.- Public Pension Reforms in China: Process and Institutional Contents.- Towards a Universal Chinese Future Public Pension Structure.- Interest Rate Difference Loss of the Individual Account in Employees’ Basic Pension Insurance.- Issues on Increasing the Contribution Rate of the Funded Defined Contribution.- Financial Sustainability and Adequacy Issues on Social Security Pensions.- Impacts of Public Pensions on Households or Firms’ Behaviours in China.- Public Pension and Regional Disparity in Household Consumption.- New Rural Social Pension Insurance Scheme and No-Agricultural Employment of Rural Older Adults.- Public Pension and Household Financial Asset Allocation.- Public Pension and Income Transfer between the Elderly and Their Children.- Seniority Wage, Mandatory Retirement and Employment of Older Workers.- Impacts of Public Pensions on Well-being in China.- Public Pension and Health among Rural Middle-aged and Older Adults.- Functioning and Well-being of Older Adults: A Capability Approach.- Public Pension and Subjective Well-being among Rural Middle-aged and Older Adults.