MXenes

Yury Gogotsi is director of the A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Distinguished University Professor and Charles T. and Ruth M. Bach Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University. He received his MS in metallurgy (1984) and PhD in physical chemistry (1986) from Kyiv Polytechnic and DSc degree from the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1995. He works on 2D carbides and nitrides (MXenes), which he discovered with his students and collaborators, and their applications in energy, environmental protection, electronics, and medicine.

"This book collects some important publications on MXenes, discovered by Prof. Yury Gogotsi and his colleagues Prof. Michel Barsoum and Dr Michael Naguib. MXene is a rising star in two-dimensional materials and shows its great potential in electrochemical storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, optoelectronics, catalysts, and medicine. Readers will get to know how this wonderful material was born at Drexel University and what a splendid journey it has been to understand its structure–property relationships."—Prof. Qing Huang, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

• INTRODUCTION1. The Rise of MXenesYury Gogotsi and Babak AnasoriDISCOVERY2. Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2Michael Naguib, Murat Kurtoglu, Volker Presser, Jun Lu, Junjie Niu, Min Heon, Lars Hultman, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum3. Two-Dimensional Transition Metal CarbidesMichael Naguib, Olha Mashtalir, Joshua Carle, Volker Presser, Jun Lu, Lars Hultman, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum4. Two-Dimensional, Ordered, Double Transition Metals CarbidesBabak Anasori, Yu Xie, Majid Beidaghi, Jun Lu, Brian C. Hosler, Lars Hultman, Paul R. C. Kent, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum5. Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Titanium Nitride Ti4N3Patrick Urbankowski, Babak Anasori, Taron Makaryan, Dequan Er, Sankalp Kota, Patrick L. Walsh, Mengqiang Zhao, Vivek B. Shenoy, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi6. Synthesis of Mo4VAlC4 MAX Phase and Two-Dimensional Mo4VC4 MXene with Five Atomic Layers of Transition MetalsGrayson Deysher, Christopher Eugene Shuck, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Nathan C. Frey, Alexandre C. Foucher, Kathleen Maleski, Asia Sarycheva, Vivek B. Shenoy, Eric A. Stach, Babak Anasori, and Yury GogotsiPROPERTIES7. Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Transition Metal Carbides and NitridesKanit Hantanasirisakul and Yury Gogotsi8. Elastic Properties of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Monolayers and BilayersAlexey Lipatov, Haidong Lu, Mohamed Alhabeb, Babak Anasori, Alexei Gruverman, Yury Gogotsi, and Alexander Sinitskii9. Control of MXenes’ Electronic Properties through Termination and IntercalationJames L. Hart, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Andrew C. Lang, Babak Anasori, David Pinto, Yevheniy Pivak, J. Tijn van Omme, Steven J. May, Yury Gogotsi, and Mitra L. Taheri10. High-Temperature Behavior and Surface Chemistry of Carbide MXenes Studied by Thermal AnalysisMykola Seredych, Christopher Eugene Shuck, David Pinto, Mohamed Alhabeb, Eliot Precetti, Grayson Deysher, Babak Anasori, Narendra Kurra, and Yury Gogotsi11. Electrochromic Effect in Titanium Carbide MXene Thin Films Produced by Dip-CoatingPol Salles, David Pinto, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Kathleen Maleski, Christopher E. Shuck, and Yury Gogotsi12. Effects of Synthesis and Processing on Optoelectronic Properties of Titanium Carbonitride MXeneKanit Hantanasirisakul, Mohamed Alhabeb, Alexey Lipatov, Kathleen Maleski, Babak Anasori, Pol Salles, Chanoknan Ieosakulrat, Pasit Pakawatpanurut, Alexander Sinitskii, Steven J. May, and Yury Gogotsi13. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of the Structure and Surface Chemistry of Ti3C2Tx MXeneAsia Sarycheva and Yury GogotsiSYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING14. Intercalation and Delamination of Layered Carbides and CarbonitridesOlha Mashtalir, Michael Naguib, Vadym N. Mochalin, Yohan Dall’Agnese, Min Heon, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi15. Conductive Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide ‘Clay’ with High Volumetric CapacitanceMichael Ghidiu, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum16. Amine-Assisted Delamination of Nb2C MXene for Li-Ion Energy Storage DevicesOlha Mashtalir, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi17. Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium CarbideMohamed Alhabeb, Kathleen Maleski, Babak Anasori, Pavel Lelyukh, Leah Clark, Saleesha Sin, and Yury Gogotsi18. Selective Etching of Silicon from Ti3SiC2 (MAX) to Obtain 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)Mohamed Alhabeb, Kathleen Maleski, Tyler S. Mathis, Asia Sarycheva, Christine B. Hatter, Simge Uzun, Ariana Levitt, and Yury Gogotsi19. Additive-Free MXene Inks and Direct Printing of Micro-SupercapacitorsChuanfang (John) Zhang, Lorcan McKeon, Matthias P. Kremer, Sang-Hoon Park, Oskar Ronan, Andrés Seral-Ascaso, Sebastian Barwich, Cormac Ó Coileáin, Niall McEvoy, Hannah C. Nerl, Babak Anasori, Jonathan N. Coleman, Yury Gogotsi, and Valeria Nicolosi20. Additive-Free MXene Liquid Crystals and FibersJizhen Zhang, Simge Uzun, Shayan Seyedin, Peter A. Lynch, Bilen Akuzum, Zhiyu Wang, Si Qin, Mohamed Alhabeb, Christopher E. Shuck, Weiwei Lei, E. Caglan Kumbur, Wenrong Yang, Xungai Wang, Genevieve Dion, Joselito M. Razal, and Yury Gogotsi21. Scalable Manufacturing of Free-Standing, Strong Ti3C2Tx MXene Films with Outstanding ConductivityJizhen Zhang, Na Kong, Simge Uzun, Ariana Levitt, Shayan Seyedin, Peter A. Lynch, Si Qin, Meikang Han, Wenrong Yang, Jingquan Liu, Xungai Wang, Yury Gogotsi, and Joselito M. Razal22. Scalable Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXeneChristopher E. Shuck, Asia Sarycheva, Mark Anayee, Ariana Levitt, Yuanzhe Zhu, Simge Uzun, Vitaliy Balitskiy, Veronika Zahorodna, Oleksiy Gogotsi, and Yury GogotsiCOMPOSITES23. Flexible and Conductive MXene Films and Nanocomposites with High CapacitanceZheng Ling, Chang E. Ren, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Jian Yang, James M. Giammarco, Jieshan Qiu, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi24. Flexible MXene/Graphene Films for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with Outstanding Volumetric CapacitanceJun Yan, Chang E. Ren, Kathleen Maleski, Christine B. Hatter, Babak Anasori, Patrick Urbankowski, Asya Sarycheva, and Yury Gogotsi25. Cold Sintered Ceramic Nanocomposites of 2D MXene and Zinc OxideJing Guo, Benjamin Legum, Babak Anasori, Ke Wang, Pavel Lelyukh, Yury Gogotsi, and Clive A Randall26. Colloidal Gelation in Liquid Metals Enables Functional Nanocomposites of 2D Metal Carbides and Lightweight MetalsVladislav Kamysbayev, Nicole M. James, Alexander S. Filatov, Vishwas Srivastava, Babak Anasori, Heinrich M Jaeger, Yury Gogotsi, and Dmitri V. TalapinENERGY STORAGE27. MXene: A Promising Transition Metal Carbide Anode for Lithium-Ion BatteriesMichael Naguib, Jérémy Come, Boris Dyatkin, Volker Presser, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi28. Cation Intercalation and High Volumetric Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Titanium CarbideMaria R. Lukatskaya, Olha Mashtalir, Chang E. Ren, Yohan Dall’Agnese, Patrick Rozier, Pierre Louis Taberna, Michael Naguib, Patrice Simon, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi29. 2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides for Energy StorageBabak Anasori, Maria R. Lukatskaya, and Yury Gogotsi30. Ultra-High-Rate Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal CarbidesMaria R. Lukatskaya, Sankalp Kota, Zifeng Lin, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Netanel Shpigel, Mikhael D. Levi, Joseph Halim, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Michel W. Barsoum, Patrice Simon, and Yury Gogotsi31. Thickness-Independent Capacitance of Vertically Aligned Liquid-Crystalline MXenesYu Xia, Tyler S. Mathis, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Babak Anasori, Alei Dang, Zehang Zhou, Hyesung Cho, Yury Gogotsi, and Shu Yang32. High Capacity Silicon Anodes Enabled by MXene Viscous Aqueous InkChuanfang (John) Zhang, Sang-Hoon Park, Andrés Seral-Ascaso, Sebastian Barwich, Niall McEvoy, Conor S. Boland, Jonathan N. Coleman, Yury Gogotsi, and Valeria Nicolosi33. Influences from Solvents on Charge Storage in Titanium Carbide MXenesXuehang Wang, Tyler S. Mathis, Ke Li, Zifeng Lin, Lukas Vlcek, Takeshi Torita, Naresh C. Osti, Christine Hatter, Patrick Urbankowski, Asia Sarycheva, Madhusudan Tyagi, Eugene Mamontov, Patrice Simon, and Yury GogotsiBIOMEDICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS34. Charge- and Size-Selective Ion Sieving through Ti3C2Tx MXene MembranesChang E. Ren, Kelsey B. Hatzell, Mohamed Alhabeb, Zheng Ling, Khaled A. Mahmoud, and Yury Gogotsi35. Single Platinum Atoms Immobilized on an MXene as an Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution ReactionJinqiang Zhang, Yufei Zhao, Xin Guo, Chen Chen, Chung-Li Dong, Ru-Shi Liu, Chih-Pin Han, Yadong Li, Yury Gogotsi, and Guoxiu Wang36. MXene Molecular Sieving Membranes for Highly Efficient Gas SeparationLi Ding, Yanying Wei, Libo Li, Tao Zhang, Haihui Wang, Jian Xue, Liang-Xin Ding, Suqing Wang, Jürgen Caro, and Yury Gogotsi37. MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate: A Step toward the Wearable Artificial KidneyFayan Meng, Mykola Seredych, Chi Chen, Victor Gura, Sergey Mikhalovsky, Susan Sandeman, Ganesh Ingavle, Tochukwu Ozulumba, Ling Miao, Babak Anasori, and Yury Gogotsi38. A Gel-Free Ti3C2Tx-Based Electrode Array for High-Density, High-Resolution Surface ElectromyographyBrendan B. Murphy, Patrick J. Mulcahey, Nicolette Driscoll, Andrew G. Richardson, Gregory T. Robbins, Nicholas V. Apollo, Kathleen Maleski, Timothy H. Lucas, Yury Gogotsi, Timothy Dillingham, and Flavia VitaleAPPLICATIONS IN OPTICS, ELECTRONICS AND SENSING39. Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with 2D Transition Metal CarbidesFaisal Shahzad, Mohamed Alhabeb, Christine B. Hatter, Babak Anasori, Soon Man Hong, Chong Min Koo, and Yury Gogotsi40. 2D Titanium Carbide for Wireless CommunicationAsia Sarycheva, Alessia Polemi, Yuqiao Liu, Kapil Dandekar, Babak Anasori, and Yury Gogotsi41. Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene Gas Sensors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise RatioSeon Joon Kim, Hyeong-Jun Koh, Chang E. Ren, Ohmin Kwon, Kathleen Maleski, Soo-Yeon Cho, Babak Anasori, Choong-Ki Kim, Yang-Kyu Choi, Jihan Kim, Yury Gogotsi, and Hee-Tae Jung42. Surface-Modified Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar CellsLin Yang, Chunxiang Dall’Agnese, Yohan Dall’Agnese, Gang Chen, Yu Gao, Yoshitaka Sanehira, Ajay Kumar Jena, Xiao-Feng Wang, Yury Gogotsi, and Tsutomu Miyasaka43. Anomalous Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves by 2D Transition Metal Carbonitride Ti3CNTxAamir Iqbal, Faisal Shahzad, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Myung-Ki Kim, Jisung Kwon, Junpyo Hong, Hyerim Kim, Daesin Kim, Yury Gogotsi, Chong Min Koo44. Beyond Ti3C2Tx: MXenes for Electromagnetic Interference ShieldingMeikang Han, Christopher Eugene Shuck, Roman Rakhmanov, David Parchment, Babak Anasori, Chong Min Koo, Gary Friedman, and Yury Gogotsi