Chengbin SHI received his Ph.D. in Metallurgical Engineering from University of Science and Technology Beijing in January 2013. He is currently a professor, deputy director of the Institute of Advanced Steel, University of Science and Technology Beijing. His research interests focus on inclusion control and clean steel technology, electroslag remelting, tool steel and heat-resistant steel. He serves as board member for 3 international journals Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials and Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, and committee member of The Electrometallurgy Association, The Chinese Society for Metals. He was awarded three provincial and ministerial science and technology awards. He has authored over sixty papers, one monograph, and is the holder of eight patents.  Jing LI received his Ph.D. in Ferrous Metallurgy from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 1999. He is currently a professor at State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, director of the Institute of Advanced Steel, University of Science and Technology Beijing. He serves as secretary general of the Electrometallurgy Association, the Chinese Society for Metals. His research fields include electroslag remelting technology, advanced metallic materials development, secondary refining, application of rare earth in steel and oxide metallurgy, BOF/EAF steelmaking. He was awarded the First Metallurgical Advanced Youth Science and Technology Award, The Chinese Society for Metals. He has formulated 1 national standard for metallurgical industry. Professor Li was awarded 11 provincial and ministerial level of scientific and technological progress awards, authored 16 patents, published 2 monographs and over 100 publications in peer-review research journals. Shufeng YANG received his Ph.D. in Ferrous Metallurgy from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2011. He is currently a professor and deputy director at State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing. He serves as recipient of outstanding youth science foundation of National Nature Science Foundation of China, key reader of Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B, youth editorial member of IJMMM and JISRI. His research interests focus on clean steel production, smelting and preparation of Ni-based superalloys.

• 1 Introduction to Electroslag Remelting.- 2 Clean Steel Production by Electroslag Remelting.- 3 Deoxidation of ESR and Its Correlation with Oxide Inclusions.- 4 Reoxidation of Liquid Steel during ESR and Its Effect on Oxide Inclusions.- 5 Desulfurization in Electroslag Remelting.- 6 Sulfide and Nitride Inclusion Evolution during ESR.- 7 Evolution of Original Oxide Inclusions during ESR.- 8 Evolution of Oxide Inclusions in Si-Mn-killed Steel during ESR.- 9 Modification of Alumina and MgO·Al2O3 Inclusions by Calcium Treatment during ESR.- 10 Role of Calcium Modification of Oxide Inclusions during ESR on Primary Carbides.

Chengbin SHI received his Ph.D. in Metallurgical Engineering from University of Science and Technology Beijing in January 2013. He is currently a professor, deputy director of the Institute of Advanced Steel, University of Science and Technology Beijing. His research interests focus on inclusion control and clean steel technology, electroslag remelting, tool steel and heat-resistant steel. He serves as board member for 3 international journals Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials and Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, and committee member of The Electrometallurgy Association, The Chinese Society for Metals. He was awarded three provincial and ministerial science and technology awards. He has authored over sixty papers, one monograph, and is the holder of eight patents.  Jing LI received his Ph.D. in Ferrous Metallurgy from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 1999. He is currently a professor at State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, director of the Institute of Advanced Steel, University of Science and Technology Beijing. He serves as secretary general of the Electrometallurgy Association, the Chinese Society for Metals. His research fields include electroslag remelting technology, advanced metallic materials development, secondary refining, application of rare earth in steel and oxide metallurgy, BOF/EAF steelmaking. He was awarded the First Metallurgical Advanced Youth Science and Technology Award, The Chinese Society for Metals. He has formulated 1 national standard for metallurgical industry. Professor Li was awarded 11 provincial and ministerial level of scientific and technological progress awards, authored 16 patents, published 2 monographs and over 100 publications in peer-review research journals. Shufeng YANG received his Ph.D. in Ferrous Metallurgy from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2011. He is currently a professor and deputy director at State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing. He serves as recipient of outstanding youth science foundation of National Nature Science Foundation of China, key reader of Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B, youth editorial member of IJMMM and JISRI. His research interests focus on clean steel production, smelting and preparation of Ni-based superalloys.

• 1 Introduction to Electroslag Remelting.- 2 Clean Steel Production by Electroslag Remelting.- 3 Deoxidation of ESR and Its Correlation with Oxide Inclusions.- 4 Reoxidation of Liquid Steel during ESR and Its Effect on Oxide Inclusions.- 5 Desulfurization in Electroslag Remelting.- 6 Sulfide and Nitride Inclusion Evolution during ESR.- 7 Evolution of Original Oxide Inclusions during ESR.- 8 Evolution of Oxide Inclusions in Si-Mn-killed Steel during ESR.- 9 Modification of Alumina and MgO·Al2O3 Inclusions by Calcium Treatment during ESR.- 10 Role of Calcium Modification of Oxide Inclusions during ESR on Primary Carbides.