Ali Riaz is a Distinguished Professor of political science at Illinois State University, USA, a Non-resident Senior Fellow of Atlantic Council, and the President of the American Institute of Bangladesh Studies. Riaz previously taught at universities in Bangladesh, England, and South Carolina, USA, worked as a Broadcast Journalist at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in London, and served as a Visiting Researcher at the Varieties of Democracy Institute (V-Dem) at Gothenburg University in Sweden and as a Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at Washington D.C. Md Sohel Rana is an Associate Instructor of Political Science and a PhD student at Indiana University, USA. He earned his Master of Science (M.S.) in Political Science from Illinois State University, USA. His research interests include democratic and authoritarian politics and South Asian politics. His recent publications include “Democracy Deficit in the D-8” (with Ali Riaz) in Ahmed M Khalid et al. eds. Economic Integration Among D-8 Muslim Countries (2023), and “The God Gap? Public Perception on Religion-Politics Mix in South Asia” in Ali Riaz ed. Religion and Politics in South Asia (2nd ed., 2021).

• Introduction: ‘Despots masquerading as democrats’.- Chapter 1: What is Democracy?.- Chapter 2: How Democracy Backslides?.- Chapter 3: Processes and sequences of backsliding.- Chapter 4: Four cases of backsliding and the rise of autocrats.- Conclusion: What did we learn?.

Ali Riaz is a Distinguished Professor of political science at Illinois State University, USA, a Non-resident Senior Fellow of Atlantic Council, and the President of the American Institute of Bangladesh Studies. Riaz previously taught at universities in Bangladesh, England, and South Carolina, USA, worked as a Broadcast Journalist at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in London, and served as a Visiting Researcher at the Varieties of Democracy Institute (V-Dem) at Gothenburg University in Sweden and as a Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at Washington D.C. Md Sohel Rana is an Associate Instructor of Political Science and a PhD student at Indiana University, USA. He earned his Master of Science (M.S.) in Political Science from Illinois State University, USA. His research interests include democratic and authoritarian politics and South Asian politics. His recent publications include “Democracy Deficit in the D-8” (with Ali Riaz) in Ahmed M Khalid et al. eds. Economic Integration Among D-8 Muslim Countries (2023), and “The God Gap? Public Perception on Religion-Politics Mix in South Asia” in Ali Riaz ed. Religion and Politics in South Asia (2nd ed., 2021).

• Introduction: ‘Despots masquerading as democrats’.- Chapter 1: What is Democracy?.- Chapter 2: How Democracy Backslides?.- Chapter 3: Processes and sequences of backsliding.- Chapter 4: Four cases of backsliding and the rise of autocrats.- Conclusion: What did we learn?.

Ali Riaz is a Distinguished Professor of political science at Illinois State University, USA, a Non-resident Senior Fellow of Atlantic Council, and the President of the American Institute of Bangladesh Studies. Riaz previously taught at universities in Bangladesh, England, and South Carolina, USA, worked as a Broadcast Journalist at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in London, and served as a Visiting Researcher at the Varieties of Democracy Institute (V-Dem) at Gothenburg University in Sweden and as a Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at Washington D.C. Md Sohel Rana is an Associate Instructor of Political Science and a PhD student at Indiana University, USA. He earned his Master of Science (M.S.) in Political Science from Illinois State University, USA. His research interests include democratic and authoritarian politics and South Asian politics. His recent publications include “Democracy Deficit in the D-8” (with Ali Riaz) in Ahmed M Khalid et al. eds. Economic Integration Among D-8 Muslim Countries (2023), and “The God Gap? Public Perception on Religion-Politics Mix in South Asia” in Ali Riaz ed. Religion and Politics in South Asia (2nd ed., 2021).

• Introduction: ‘Despots masquerading as democrats’.- Chapter 1: What is Democracy?.- Chapter 2: How Democracy Backslides?.- Chapter 3: Processes and sequences of backsliding.- Chapter 4: Four cases of backsliding and the rise of autocrats.- Conclusion: What did we learn?.