Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi

Volume II - Biomolecular and Epigraphical Investigations

Häftad, Engelska, 2024

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Beskrivning

The Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi, Crete (ca. 1390–1190 BC) is the only intact, complete Late Minoan necropolis presently known, of which 232 tombs have been excavated. The research project was the first large-scale genomic sampling of skeletal material from a single site in Bronze Age Greece, as well as being the first time a multi-disciplinary approach with ancient DNA as its focus has been conducted on a large, well-curated necropolis assemblage. As such it provides a unique opportunity to answer archaeological questions, the most important of which are kinship, an analysis of the origin and ancestry of those buried in the tombs, the homogeneity of the population or otherwise, and diet. The analysis programme was only possible because the tombs had not been seriously disturbed, and human skeletal remains had survived and been expertly conserved. The results of ancient DNA, stable isotope analysis, osteological analysis, and radiocarbon dating are presented, providing the first detailed record of ancestry and kinship in this iconic period of Eastern Mediterranean prehistory.In addition, the long-debated problem of the location of the wealthy city of da-_22-to, referred to many times in the Linear B tablets, is addressed and key evidence is presented. The rich finds in the Necropolis, the town excavation, and in the environs, support the interpretation that the ‘city’ that built the Necropolis is da-_22-to.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2024-02-07
Mått:216 x 280 x 11 mm
Vikt:594 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:160
Förlag:Casemate Publishers
ISBN:9798888570463

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Mer om författaren

Dr. Yannis Tzedakis is the Director-General Emeritus of the Greek Archaeological Service, the excavator of the Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi and Co-Director of the Armenoi Project. Amongst other publications, he is co-editor of Archaeology Meets Science: Biomolecular Investigations in Bronze Age Greece (with Holley Martlew and Martin Jones, Oxbow Books, 2008). Dr. Holley Martlew is the Co-Director of the Armenoi Project and the principal behind the initiation of a project which applied state of the art scientific analysis to ceramic artefacts and skeletal material from 16 sites in Crete, the Greek mainland, other Greek islands and the island of Vivara in the Bay of Naples. The results of this project were mounted in six international exhibitions in Europe and the USA. Professor Michael J. Tite is a Fellow of Linacre College, Emeritus Professor of Archaeological Science and former Director of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art in the University of Oxford.

Innehållsförteckning

List of figures and tablesContributorsThe Armenoi Project Acknowledgements Conventions, abbreviations and chronology Foreword Map of site1. The Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi: introductionHolley MartlewThe discovery of the NecropolisThe tombsPublication programmeThe scientific programme PART I: SCIENTIFIC ANALYSES 2. Food and drink: what scientific analysis of pottery revealed through organic residue analysisHolley MartlewIntroductionMaterials and methodsResults3. The osteological study of Tomb 159Darlene WestonIntroductionTomb 159: its characteristics and contentsBurial context and MNIPreservationAge estimationBiological sex estimationPopulation variabilityDental health and diseasePalaeopathologyOsteobiography summariesDiscussion and conclusionsSummary4. Multi-isotopic (C, N, S, Sr) measurements of human skeletal materialMichael P. RichardsIntroductionIsotope analysis backgroundSample selectionMethodologyResultsDiscussionConclusions5. Bioarchaeological analyses of human and faunal skeletal remains and radiocarbon datingM. George B. Foody, Peter W. Ditchfield and Ceiridwen J. EdwardsIntroductionMaterials and methodsDietary stable isotopesAncient DNARadiocarbon datingConclusionsAppendix: species identification of 13 animal bones from the Necropolis6. The human dimension: the archaeological significance of the scientific resultsHolley Martlew and Yannis TzedakisIntroductionThe Total Station surveyStable isotope analysis (incorporating skeletal summaries by Darlene Weston)Ancient DNA (incorporating skeletal summaries by Darlene Weston)ConclusionsAppendix: catalogue (original compilation by Vicky Kolivaki)PART II: THE ‘CITY’ OF ARMENOI7. The identification of da-*22-toLouis GodartC 979Ce 59V 1002EL Z 18. Studies at the ‘city’ of Armenoi, the Necropolis and their environsPeter W. Ditchfield and Holley MartlewFaunal collagen carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis (Peter W. Ditchfield)Minerals in the environs of Armenoi (Holley Martlew)Postscript: a tribute to Andrew Giże (Holley Martlew)9. The archaeological evidence which supports the identification of the Late Minoan III ‘city’ of Armenoi as da-*22-toHolley Martlew and Yannis Tzedakis1. The ‘city’ of Armenoi2. The Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi (Late Minoan IIIA:1–Late Minoan IIIB:2 ca.1390–1190 BC)3. Contents of the tombs (with a contribution by Olga Krzyszkowska)4. Correspondence with Linear B tablets cited as evidence by Godart 5. Unlocked secrets Appendix: catalogue (original compilation by Vicky Kolivaki) 10. Western Crete, the ‘city’ of Armenoi and the fall of Pylos Louis GodartIntroduction Seals and seal impressions The frescoes of Pylos Ivories Linear B documents and their chronology Conclusions Postscript: the ‘city’ of Armenoi, da-*22-to (Yannis Tzedakis and Holley Martlew) Index