A. M. Goldman - Böcker

This book discusses the properties of quantized vortex lines in superfluid helium-4 in the light of research on vortices in modern fluid mechanics, and gives the first comprehensive treatment of the problem. The author begins with a review of the knowledge of classical fluid dynamics which is relevant to the main topics of the book. This is followed by a presentation of basic material on helium II and quantized vortices. The following chapters deal with various different aspects of the subject, and the book concludes with substantial introductions to two currently active topics, namely superfluid turbulence and the nucleation of quantized vortices. Both quantum tunnelling and thermal activation nucleation processes are also discussed, including the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in thin films. The author's comprehensive approach will make this book invaluable for students taking advanced undergraduate or graduate courses, and for all those involved in research on classical and quantum vortices.

This book is a concise introduction to the experimental technicalities of low and ultralow temperature physics research. The author has made extensive use of diagrams as aids to understanding, and refers the reader to the professional literature at appropriate points in the text. The book begins with an introduction to the thermodynamic principles of refrigeration and thermometry. It covers the properties of fluid 3He/3He mixtures and the most important practical means of achieving low temperatures, including dilution and Pomeranchuk refrigeration and adiabatic nuclear demagnetisation. The basic introduction to the subject will be of value to postgraduate students beginning research in low temperature physics, and to seasoned researchers moving into the field. It could also be used by advanced undergraduates taking low temperature physics courses.

This volume gives an up-to-date, systematic account of the microscopic theory of Bose-condensed fluids developed since the late 1950s. In contrast to the usual phenomenological discussions of superfluid 4He, the present treatment is built on the pivotal role of the Bose broken symmetry and a Bose condensate. The many-body formalism is developed, with emphasis on the one- and two-particle Green's functions and their relation to the density response function. These are all coupled together by the Bose broken symmetry, which provides the basis for understanding the elementary excitations and response functions in the hydrodynamic and collisionless regions. It also explains the difference between excitations in the superfluid and normal phases. Chapter 4 gives the first critical assessment of the experimental evidence for a Bose condensate in liquid 4He, based on high-momentum neutron scattering data.