A. Nejat Ince - Böcker

This work is a collection of papers given at the European Cost Telecommunications Symposium. The Symposium was broken down into four sessions: modelling and simulation; teletraffic modelling communications networks simulation; and problems in simulation. Each session addressed a wide spectrum of subjects. The symposium covered nearly all of the important aspects of simulation modelling and tools for the design and performance evaluation of communication techniques and systems. Emerging techniques were emphasized.

Information is always required by organizations of coastal states about the movements, identities and intentions of vessels sailing in the waters of interest to them, which may be coastal waters, straits, inland waterways, rivers, lakes or open seas. This interest may stem from defence requirements or from needs for the protection of off-shore resources, enhanced search and rescue services, deterrence of smuggling, drug trafficking and other illegal activities and/or for providing vessel traffic services for safe and efficient navigation and protection of the environment. To meet these needs it is necessary to have a well-designed maritime surveillance and control system capable of tracking ships and providing other types of information required by a variety of user groups ranging from port authorities, shipping companies, marine exchanges to governments and the military. This text should be of interest to anyone responsible for the design, implementation or provision of a well-designed maritime surveillance and control system capable of tracking ships and providing navigational and other types of information required for safe navigation and efficient commercial operation.

After alm ost three scores of years of basic and applied research, the field of speech processing is, at present, undergoing a rapid growth in terms of both performance and applications and this is fueHed by the advances being made in the areas of microelectronics, computation and algorithm design.Speech processing relates to three aspects of voice communications: -Speech Coding and transmission which is mainly concerned with man-to­ man voice communication. -Speech Synthesis which deals with machine-to-man communication. -Speech Recognition which is related to man-to-machine communication. Widespread application and use of low-bit rate voice codec.>, synthesizers and recognizers which are all speech processing products requires ideaHy internationally accepted quality assessment and evaluation methods as weH as speech processing standards so that they may be interconnected and used independently of their designers and manufacturers without costly interfaces. This book presents, in a tutorial manner, both fundamental and applied aspects of the above topics which have been prepared by weH-known specialists in their respective areas. The book is based on lectures which were sponsored by AGARD/NATO and delivered by the authors, in several NATO countries, to audiences consisting mainly of academic and industrial R&D engineers and physicists as weH as civil and military C3I systems planners and designers.

This volume is based on the results of studies carried out by a working group which was set up by NATO in 1986 to consider the future potential of satellite communications in the post-2000 era and to identify areas for significant technological thrust. It contains a substantial amount of information, most of it original, on almost every aspect of satellite communications. Starting from certain postulated trends about future SATCOM, it assesses emerging technologies and develops potential SATCOM system architectures, including space, ground and control segments, with particular emphasis on military applications which involve the most advanced and demanding techniques and technologies ranging from materials to signal and speech processing.The mean ideas treated in the book are: techniques and technologies related to signal rocessing and switching, adaptive antennas, optical and EHF links for inter-satellite communications, AI, and robotics for SATCOM; system architectural concepts utilizing GEO/inclined/Tundra orbits and clustered/tethered/proliferated LEO satellites; national systems and developments; threat (electronic warfare, physical, nuclear); electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM); propagational issues (including nuclear effects); network and transmission issues (implementation); satellite payloads, power generation in space, launch vehicles; system management; cost-performance models and analysis. This reference source is also suitable as a text for advanced courses on the subject of satellite communications.

Focusing on integrated services digital networks (ISDNs), this work shows how to plan and design them architecturally and how to implement them so that they meet certain given user requirements ranging from a variety of service demands to transmission performance, security, reliability/availability, capability for growth, interoperability with other ISDN and non-ISDN networks, and cost. The book concentrates on the application of ISDN concepts and standards to the planning and design of real costed networks to meet certain specified user requirements. Where there are multiple options, considerations and rationale on the choice of network aspects and standards are discussed. It expounds a methodology which starts from an assumed or given set of complete user requirements, and proceeds to the designing of a complete network taking into account the technology and standards of ISDN, as well as some constraints which may be imposed, including cost. The book is intended as a comprehensive reference source which is also suitable as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

The subject of this text is command control communication and information (C3I), which is the management infrastructure for any large or complex dynamic resource system. Decision-making is the essence of C3I, which is accomplished through phased implementation of a set of facilities, communications, personnel, equipment and procedures for monitoring, forecasting, planning, directing, allocating resources, and generating options to achieve specific and general objectives. A C3I system is a decision-making network that reflects a hierarchical organization of C3I nodes. Each node is responsible for the management of some portion of the available resources, where the higher level nodes are responsible for a correspondingly greater portion of the resources. Within a C3I system, both command and control decision-making occur at every level of the hierarchy. Command decisions at one level determine how to satisfy the management decisions at a higher level.By taking similar national and international systems as a model, this book explains how the management infrastructure can be planned and designed using available technologies, techniques and standards to achieve stated user operational requirements, including time and cost constraints which may be imposed on the system. The book discusses design requirements and the technical and operational issues raised, and then deals with the main subject of designing C3I systems. This text should serve as a useful reference to professionals and C3I system designers.

After alm ost three scores of years of basic and applied research, the field of speech processing is, at present, undergoing a rapid growth in terms of both performance and applications and this is fueHed by the advances being made in the areas of microelectronics, computation and algorithm design.Speech processing relates to three aspects of voice communications: -Speech Coding and transmission which is mainly concerned with man-to­ man voice communication. -Speech Synthesis which deals with machine-to-man communication. -Speech Recognition which is related to man-to-machine communication. Widespread application and use of low-bit rate voice codec.>, synthesizers and recognizers which are all speech processing products requires ideaHy internationally accepted quality assessment and evaluation methods as weH as speech processing standards so that they may be interconnected and used independently of their designers and manufacturers without costly interfaces. This book presents, in a tutorial manner, both fundamental and applied aspects of the above topics which have been prepared by weH-known specialists in their respective areas. The book is based on lectures which were sponsored by AGARD/NATO and delivered by the authors, in several NATO countries, to audiences consisting mainly of academic and industrial R&D engineers and physicists as weH as civil and military C3I systems planners and designers.

Modeling and Simulation Environment for Satellite and Terrestrial Communications Networks: Proceedings of the European COST Telecommunications Symposium will be of interest to network designers, developers, and operators. This book is a collection of papers given at the European Cost Telecommunications Symposium. The Symposium was broken down into four sessions: Modelling and Simulation. Teletraffic Modelling. Communications Networks Simulation. Problems in Simulation. Each session addressed a wide spectrum of subjects. The symposium covered nearly all of the important aspects of simulation modeling and tools for the design and performance evaluation of communication techniques and systems. Emerging techniques were emphasized. Modeling and Simulation Environment for Satellite and Terrestrial Communications Networks: Proceedings of the European COST Telecommunications Symposium is a useful reference work for practicing engineers and academic researchers.

Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications provides a comprehensive treatment of ISDNs: how to plan and design them architecturally and how to implement them so that they meet certain given user requirements ranging from a variety of service demands to transmission performance, security, reliability/availability, capability for growth, interoperability with other ISDN and non-ISDN networks and, of course, cost. The book concentrates on the application of ISDN concepts and standards to the planning and design of real costed networks to meet certain specified user requirements. Where there are multiple options, considerations and rationale on the choice of network aspects and standards are discussed. The unique feature of the book, compared with other books on ISDN, is that it expounds an original methodology which starts from an assumed or given set of complete user requirements and proceeds to designing a complete network taking into account the technology and standards of ISDN, as well as some constraints including cost which may be imposed. Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks describes computer-aided design tools employed for dimensioning the network for various traffic loads and for assessing its traffic carrying performance for assessing different precedence categories and network configurations, transmission conditions and routing algorithms which may be static-deterministic or dynamic-adaptive. Aspects such as surveillance and control, security, survivability and EMP protection are also addressed. Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications is an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Among the space activities of the last three decades satellite communications (SATCOM) has found the widest application in meeting both civil and military communications requirements. Several international, regional and national SATCOM systems of increasing capacity, capability and complexity have been and are being implemented over the years. The latest versions are utilizing such concepts as spot beams, processing transponders in SS-TDMA and operations in different frequency bands including the EHF band. On the military side, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, France and NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) have been the only owners and operators of military SATCOM systems in the West. The systems in being and under development use satellites and ground terminals with characteristics which differ from the civilian ones with respect to frequency bands utilised and survivability and interoperability. The SATCOM has given the military users the potential of having much-needed mobility, flexibility and survivability in strategic and tactical communications for land, sea and air operations. It must, however, be said particularly for the military SATCOM systems that they have been evolved in big jumps, both in time and capability, each jump involving the deployment of two or three often specially designed large satellites, large expenses and rather traumatic transition between jumps. Despite these undesirable features these systems did not have the required degree of suevivability and flexibility.

Information is always required by organizations of coastal states about the movements, identities and intentions of vessels sailing in the waters of interest to them, which may be coastal waters, straits, inland waterways, rivers, lakes or open seas. This interest may stem from defense requirements or from needs for the protection of off-shore resources, enhanced search and rescue services, deterrence of smuggling, drug trafficking and other illegal activities and/or for providing vessel traffic services for safe and efficient navigation and protection of the environment. To meet these needs it is necessary to have a well designed maritime surveillance and control system capable of tracking ships and providing other types of information required by a variety of user groups ranging from port authorities, shipping companies, marine exchanges to governments and the military. Principles of Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems will be of vital interest to anyone responsible for the design, implementation or provision of a well designed maritime surveillance and control system capable of tracking ships and providing navigational and other types of information required for safe navigation and efficient commercial operation. Principles of Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems is therefore essential to a variety of user groups ranging from port authorities to shipping companies and marine exchanges as well as civil governments and the military.