Adrian Fox – författare

Written primarily for 16-19 year old students, this primer aims to extend students' knowledge and inspire them to take their school-level learning further. It explores topics that are familiar from the curriculum and also introduces new ideas, giving students a first taste of the study of biology beyond school-level and demonstrating how concepts frequently encountered at school are relevant to and applied in current research. This is the ideal text to support students who are considering making the transition from studying biology at school to university. For many years, much of the human population has lived in ignorance of plant disease - yet the presence or absence of disease in a crop, or a forest, can mean the difference between economic success or disaster, and - even in the 21st century - the difference between life and death for millions of people. This primer raises the profile of plant infectious diseases, highlighting the scale of the problem, the risks to biosecurity, and the advances in science which are impacting on surveillance, diagnosis and prevention of disease.This text opens with an overview of the importance of plant disease in human history, before reviewing the structure and function of the main types of pathogens involved in plant infectious diseases (bacteria, viruses, fungi and fungi-like pathogens), focusing on unusual and interesting examples. It then explores how plant diseases can be accurately diagnosed, explaining a variety of ways in which specific pathogens can be identified including the most recent developments in molecular analysis as well as cultural and serological techniques. The primer then moves on to consider disease surveillance, which still relies heavily on traditional techniques based on human observation. It also considers emerging techniques involving epidemiological models, remote monitoring, the monitoring of air and water, satellite tracking and genetic modification of crops. Disease management - ways in which plant diseases can be controlled and their spread halted - is then discussed. This area encompasses techniques spanning chemical control of insect, fungal and bacterial pests to genetic modification of crops to introduce disease resistance. The final section of the primer explores plant biosecurity and how it can be maintained - an ever-more important issue given the continued globalisation of trade - and the impact of global warming on where both plants and plant pathogens can grow and thrive.

In the ever-evolving field of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) and hepato-pancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery, staying informed about the pivotal research that shapes clinical practice is essential. 50 Landmark Papers every Upper GI and HPB Surgeon Should Know is a carefully curated collection of influential studies that have transformed decision-making in the management of complex conditions.From groundbreaking insights into cancers of the stomach, liver, and pancreas to the management of bile duct injuries, hiatus hernia, and pharyngeal pouch, this book highlights the research that has redefined surgical approaches. It also delves into the historical significance of interdisciplinary collaboration, such as the creation of GI bleeding units, and includes key papers on endoscopic management and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), reflecting the evolving role of surgeons in these areas.Organized into focused sections—gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, bile duct, oesophagus, endoscopic treatment, obesity, and general topics—this book serves as a practical guide for surgeons and trainees alike. Each paper has been selected for its impact on clinical practice, offering a foundation for understanding the evidence that underpins modern surgical care.Whether you are a seasoned surgeon or a trainee, this book will inspire you to explore the evidence, challenge established norms, and strive for excellence in the dynamic field of UGI and HPB surgery.