Alfred Schmidt – författare

Ludwig Wittgenstein and Ben Richards met in the autumn of 1945, when Richards – a medical student – was attending one of Wittgenstein’s courses. The ‘loving friendship’ (in Wittgenstein’s words) which subsequently developed between them decisively coloured every aspect of Wittgenstein’s last years.Their correspondence – consisting of more than 370 letters, cards, and telegrams, along with numerous drawings and attachments – starts in the summer of 1946, and ends in April 1951, just a week before Wittgenstein’s death. It gives an incomparably vivid and touching picture of the last five yearsof Wittgenstein’s life.His encounter with Richards was perhaps the deepest love and the greatest happiness of Wittgenstein’s life. And yet these letters also reveal Wittgenstein as a lonely, vulnerable, and often overbearing man, painfully aware of his dependence on the affection of his much younger beloved friend, and painfully aware of the fragility of their connection.This collection of letters between Wittgenstein and Richards is not only the single largest correspondence of Wittgenstein’s that has survived, but – more importantly – it is by far the most significant and revealing cache of letters between Wittgenstein and someone whom he loved romantically. They offer an entirely new window onto Wittgenstein’s inner life, and a profound and moving testament to his emotional and intellectual concerns in his last years. Like all of Wittgenstein’s writings, the letters are shot through with opinions, humour, and insights, delivered in Wittgenstein’s typically sharp and powerful manner. In short, this is a most remarkable collection of documents – both for those interested in Wittgenstein’s philosophy, and for those interested in the life of one of the 20th century’s greatest thinkers.

In The Concept of Nature in Marx, Alfred Schmidt examines humanity's relation to the natural world as understood by the great philosopher-economist Karl Marx, who wrote that human beings are 'part of Nature yet able to stand over against it; and this partial separation from Nature is itself part of their nature'. In Marx, industry and science are the mediation between historical man and external nature, leading either to reconciliation or mutual annihilation. Schmidt explores this tension between man and nature in Marx and shows how his understanding of nature is reflected in the work of writers such as Bertolt Brecht, Walter Benjamin and Ernst Bloch.