This book explores the Holocaust as a social process. Although the mass murder of European Jews was essentially the result of political-ideological decisions made by the Nazi state leadership, the events of the Holocaust were also part of a social dynamic. All European societies experienced developments that led to the social exclusion, persecution and murder of the continent’s Jews. This volume therefore questions Raul Hilberg´s category of the ‘bystander’. In societies where the political order expects citizens to endorse the exclusion of particular groups in the population, there cannot be any completely uninvolved bystanders. Instead, this book examines the multifarious forms of social action and behaviour connected with the Holocaust. It focuses on institutions and persons, helpers, co-perpetrators, facilitators and spectators, beneficiaries and profiteers, as well as Jewish victims and Jewish organisations trying to cope with the dynamics of exclusion and persecution. 

Executive editor: Andrea Löw; English-language edition prepared by: Caroline Pearce, Georg Felix Harsch, and Dorothy Mas

This volume chronicles the situation of the Jews in the German Reich and in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia between the start of the Second World War and September 1941. The German authorities used the start of the war on 1 September 1939 as an opportunity to intensify the campaign against the supposed enemies within – primarily the Jews. Thousands of Jews were expelled to Poland and France in initial deportations. Emigration or flight became virtually impossible. In February 1941 a Jewish woman from Vienna feared for her parents: ‘We know now that there is no age limit, everyone is being sent away, little children, the very old, even sick people are taken from the hospital and transported somewhere, into uncertainty, into misery.’ The volume documents the increasing isolation of the German and Czech Jews and the plans and ambitions of their persecutors in the period leading up to the systematic deportations.

Learn more about the PMJ on https://pmj-documents.org/

Executive editor: Andrea Löw; English-language edition prepared by: Caroline Pearce, Georg Felix Harsch, and Dorothy Mas

This volume chronicles the situation of the Jews in the German Reich and in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia between the start of the Second World War and September 1941. The German authorities used the start of the war on 1 September 1939 as an opportunity to intensify the campaign against the supposed enemies within – primarily the Jews. Thousands of Jews were expelled to Poland and France in initial deportations. Emigration or flight became virtually impossible. In February 1941 a Jewish woman from Vienna feared for her parents: ‘We know now that there is no age limit, everyone is being sent away, little children, the very old, even sick people are taken from the hospital and transported somewhere, into uncertainty, into misery.’ The volume documents the increasing isolation of the German and Czech Jews and the plans and ambitions of their persecutors in the period leading up to the systematic deportations.

Learn more about the PMJ on https://pmj-documents.org/

Dieser Band dokumentiert die Judenverfolgung im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren seit März 1939 und im Deutschen Reich vom Beginn des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis zum September 1941. Nach Kriegsbeginn lebten die deutschen, österreichischen und tschechischen Juden inmitten der Gesellschaft wie Ausgestoßene: sie erhielten mindere Lebensmittelrationen, mussten Zwangsarbeit leisten und in speziellen Judenhäusern auf engstem Raum zusammenwohnen. Auswanderung war kaum mehr möglich. In ersten Deportationen wurden mehrere Tausend nach Polen oder Frankreich verschleppt. Mit der Ausbreitung des Kriegs gerieten immer mehr Juden unter deutsche Herrschaft, und die Verantwortlichen suchten nach einer „Gesamtlösung der Judenfrage“. Erste Vertreibungsexperimente scheiterten, die angedachten Lösungen wurden immer radikaler. Im September 1941 waren die Juden im Deutschen Reich durch einen „Judenstern“ gekennzeichnet und ihre Deportation stand unmittelbar bevor.

Auf der Basis der Edition realisiert der Bayerische Rundfunk die dokumentarische Höredition „Die Quellen sprechen“, die in Staffeln gesendet wird und unter www.die-quellen-sprechen.de nachzuhören ist.

Youtube-Link zur VEJ-Abschlusskonferenz: Deutsches Reich (Panel 1, 9. Mai 2023) und NS-Führung und deutsche Gesellschaft (Panel 10, 11. Mai 2023)

Vom 9. bis zum 11. Mai 2023 fand mit "Der Holocaust als europäisches Ereignis" die Abschlusskonferenz der Edition "Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945" im Dokumentationszentrum Topographie des Terrors in Berlin statt.　

This book explores the Holocaust as a social process. Although the mass murder of European Jews was essentially the result of political-ideological decisions made by the Nazi state leadership, the events of the Holocaust were also part of a social dynamic. All European societies experienced developments that led to the social exclusion, persecution and murder of the continent’s Jews. This volume therefore questions Raul Hilberg´s category of the ‘bystander’. In societies where the political order expects citizens to endorse the exclusion of particular groups in the population, there cannot be any completely uninvolved bystanders. Instead, this book examines the multifarious forms of social action and behaviour connected with the Holocaust. It focuses on institutions and persons, helpers, co-perpetrators, facilitators and spectators, beneficiaries and profiteers, as well as Jewish victims and Jewish organisations trying to cope with the dynamics of exclusion and persecution. 

Executive editor: Andrea Löw; English-language edition prepared by: Caroline Pearce, Georg Felix Harsch, and Dorothy Mas

This volume chronicles the situation of the Jews in the German Reich and in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia between the start of the Second World War and September 1941. The German authorities used the start of the war on 1 September 1939 as an opportunity to intensify the campaign against the supposed enemies within – primarily the Jews. Thousands of Jews were expelled to Poland and France in initial deportations. Emigration or flight became virtually impossible. In February 1941 a Jewish woman from Vienna feared for her parents: ‘We know now that there is no age limit, everyone is being sent away, little children, the very old, even sick people are taken from the hospital and transported somewhere, into uncertainty, into misery.’ The volume documents the increasing isolation of the German and Czech Jews and the plans and ambitions of their persecutors in the period leading up to the systematic deportations.

Learn more about the PMJ on https://pmj-documents.org/

Executive editor: Andrea Löw; English-language edition prepared by: Caroline Pearce, Georg Felix Harsch, and Dorothy Mas

This volume chronicles the situation of the Jews in the German Reich and in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia between the start of the Second World War and September 1941. The German authorities used the start of the war on 1 September 1939 as an opportunity to intensify the campaign against the supposed enemies within – primarily the Jews. Thousands of Jews were expelled to Poland and France in initial deportations. Emigration or flight became virtually impossible. In February 1941 a Jewish woman from Vienna feared for her parents: ‘We know now that there is no age limit, everyone is being sent away, little children, the very old, even sick people are taken from the hospital and transported somewhere, into uncertainty, into misery.’ The volume documents the increasing isolation of the German and Czech Jews and the plans and ambitions of their persecutors in the period leading up to the systematic deportations.

Learn more about the PMJ on https://pmj-documents.org/

Dieser Band dokumentiert die Judenverfolgung im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren seit März 1939 und im Deutschen Reich vom Beginn des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis zum September 1941. Nach Kriegsbeginn lebten die deutschen, österreichischen und tschechischen Juden inmitten der Gesellschaft wie Ausgestoßene: sie erhielten mindere Lebensmittelrationen, mussten Zwangsarbeit leisten und in speziellen Judenhäusern auf engstem Raum zusammenwohnen. Auswanderung war kaum mehr möglich. In ersten Deportationen wurden mehrere Tausend nach Polen oder Frankreich verschleppt. Mit der Ausbreitung des Kriegs gerieten immer mehr Juden unter deutsche Herrschaft, und die Verantwortlichen suchten nach einer „Gesamtlösung der Judenfrage“. Erste Vertreibungsexperimente scheiterten, die angedachten Lösungen wurden immer radikaler. Im September 1941 waren die Juden im Deutschen Reich durch einen „Judenstern“ gekennzeichnet und ihre Deportation stand unmittelbar bevor.

Auf der Basis der Edition realisiert der Bayerische Rundfunk die dokumentarische Höredition „Die Quellen sprechen“, die in Staffeln gesendet wird und unter www.die-quellen-sprechen.de nachzuhören ist.

Youtube-Link zur VEJ-Abschlusskonferenz: Deutsches Reich (Panel 1, 9. Mai 2023) und NS-Führung und deutsche Gesellschaft (Panel 10, 11. Mai 2023)

Vom 9. bis zum 11. Mai 2023 fand mit "Der Holocaust als europäisches Ereignis" die Abschlusskonferenz der Edition "Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945" im Dokumentationszentrum Topographie des Terrors in Berlin statt.