Andrew Adamatzky - Böcker

Modern computing relies on future and emergent technologies which have been conceived via interaction between computer science, engineering, chemistry, physics and biology. This highly interdisciplinary book presents advances in the fields of parallel, distributed and emergent information processing and computation. The book represents major breakthroughs in parallel quantum protocols, elastic cloud servers, structural properties of interconnection networks, internet of things, morphogenetic collective systems, swarm intelligence and cellular automata, unconventionality in parallel computation, algorithmic information dynamics, localized DNA computation, graph-based cryptography, slime mold inspired nano-electronics and cytoskeleton computers. Features Truly interdisciplinary, spanning computer science, electronics, mathematics and biology Covers widely popular topics of future and emergent computing technologies, cloud computing, parallel computing, DNA computation, security and network analysis, cryptography, and theoretical computer science Provides unique chapters written by top experts in theoretical and applied computer science, information processing and engineering From Parallel to Emergent Computing provides a visionary statement on how computing will advance in the next 25 years and what new fields of science will be involved in computing engineering. This book is a valuable resource for computer scientists working today, and in years to come.

The book introduces a hot topic of novel and emerging computing paradigms and architectures -computation by travelling waves in reaction-diffusion media. A reaction-diffusion computer is a massively parallel computing device, where the micro-volumes of the chemical medium act as elementary few-bit processors, and chemical species diffuse and react in parallel. In the reaction-diffusion computer both the data and the results of the computation are encoded as concentration profiles of the reagents, or local disturbances of concentrations, whilst the computation per se is performed via the spreading and interaction of waves caused by the local disturbances. The monograph brings together results of a decade-long study into designing experimental and simulated prototypes of reaction-diffusion computing devices for image processing, path planning, robot navigation, computational geometry, logics and artificial intelligence. The book is unique because it gives a comprehensive presentation of the theoretical and experimental foundations, and cutting-edge computation techniques, chemical laboratory experimental setups and hardware implementation technology employed in the development of novel nature-inspired computing devices.

Key Features:

- Non-classical and fresh approach to theory of computation.- In depth exploration of novel and emerging paradigms of nature-inspired computing.- Simple to understand cellular-automata models will help readers/students to design their own computational experiments to advance ideas and concepts described in the book .- Detailed description of receipts and experimental setups of chemical laboratory reaction-diffusion processors will make the book an invaluable resource in practical studies of non-classical and nature-inspired computing architectures .- Step by step explanations of VLSI reaction-diffusion circuits will help students to design their own types of wave-based processors.Key Features:

- Non-classical and fresh approach to theory of computation.- In depth exploration of novel and emerging paradigms of nature-inspired computing.- Simple to understand cellular-automata models will help readers/students to design their own computational experiments to advance ideas and concepts described in the book .- Detailed description of receipts and experimental setups of chemical laboratory reaction-diffusion processors will make the book an invaluable resource in practical studies of non-classical and nature-inspired computing architectures .- Step by step explanations of VLSI reaction-diffusion circuits will help students to design their own types of wave-based processors.

Computing in Nonlinear Media and Automata Collectives presents an account of new ways to design massively parallel computing devices in advanced mathematical models, such as cellular automata and lattice swarms, from unconventional materials, including chemical solutions, bio-polymers, and excitable media.

Modern computing relies on future and emergent technologies which have been conceived via interaction between computer science, engineering, chemistry, physics and biology. This highly interdisciplinary book presents advances in the fields of parallel, distributed and emergent information processing and computation. The book represents major breakthroughs in parallel quantum protocols, elastic cloud servers, structural properties of interconnection networks, internet of things, morphogenetic collective systems, swarm intelligence and cellular automata, unconventionality in parallel computation, algorithmic information dynamics, localized DNA computation, graph-based cryptography, slime mold inspired nano-electronics and cytoskeleton computers. Features Truly interdisciplinary, spanning computer science, electronics, mathematics and biology Covers widely popular topics of future and emergent computing technologies, cloud computing, parallel computing, DNA computation, security and network analysis, cryptography, and theoretical computer science Provides unique chapters written by top experts in theoretical and applied computer science, information processing and engineeringFrom Parallel to Emergent Computing provides a visionary statement on how computing will advance in the next 25 years and what new fields of science will be involved in computing engineering. This book is a valuable resource for computer scientists working today, and in years to come.

The advent of powerful processing technologies and the advances in software development tools have drastically changed the approach and implementation of computational research in fundamental properties of living systems through simulating and synthesizing biological entities and processes in artificial media. Nowadays realistic physical and physiological simulation of natural and would-be creatures, worlds and societies becomes a low-cost task for ordinary home computers. The progress in technology has dramatically reshaped the structure of the software, the execution of a code, and visualization fundamentals. This has led to the emergence of novel breeds of artificial life software models, including three-dimensional programmable simulation environment, distributed discrete events platforms and multi-agent systems. This second edition reflects the technological and research advancements, and presents the best examples of artificial life software models developed in the World and available for users.

In the late 1960s British mathematician John Conway invented a virtual mathematical machine that operates on a two-dimensional array of square cell. Each cell takes two states, live and dead. The cells’ states are updated simultaneously and in discrete time. A dead cell comes to life if it has exactly three live neighbours. A live cell remains alive if two or three of its neighbours are alive, otherwise the cell dies. Conway’s Game of Life became the most programmed solitary game and the most known cellular automaton. The book brings together results of forty years of study into computational, mathematical, physical and engineering aspects of The Game of Life cellular automata. Selected topics include phenomenology and statistical behaviour; space-time dynamics on Penrose tilling and hyperbolic spaces; generation of music; algebraic properties; modelling of financial markets; semi-quantum extensions; predicting emergence; dual-graph based analysis; fuzzy, limit behaviour and threshold scaling; evolving cell-state transition rules; localization dynamics in quasi-chemical analogues of GoL; self-organisation towards criticality; asynochrous implementations.The volume is unique because it gives a comprehensive presentation of the theoretical and experimental foundations, cutting-edge computation techniques and mathematical analysis of the fabulously complex, self-organized and emergent phenomena defined by incredibly simple rules.

This volume of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition, is a unique collection of concise overviews of state-of-art, theoretical and experimental findings, prepared by the world leaders in unconventional computing. Topics covered include bacterial computing, artificial chemistry, amorphous computing, computing with Solitons, evolution in materio, immune computing, mechanical computing, molecular automata, membrane computing, bio-inspired metaheuristics, reversible computing, sound and music computing, enzyme-based computing, structural machines, reservoir computing, infinity computing, biomolecular data structures, slime mold computing, nanocomputers, analog computers, DNA computing, novel hardware, thermodynamics of computation, and quantum and optical computing. Topics added to the second edition include: social algorithms, unconventional computational problems, enzyme-based computing, inductive Turing machines, reservoir computing, Grossone Infinity computing, slime mould computing, biomolecular data structures, parallelization of bio-inspired unconventional computing, and photonic computing.Unconventional computing is a cross-breed of computer science, physics, mathematics, chemistry, electronic engineering, biology, materials science and nanotechnology. The aims are to uncover and exploit principles and mechanisms of information processing in, and functional properties of, physical, chemical and living systems, with the goal to develop efficient algorithms, design optimal architectures and manufacture working prototypes of future and emergent computing devices.

This volume of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition, provides an authoritative introduction and overview of the latest research in cellular automata (CA) models of physical systems, emergent phenomena, computational universality, chaos, growth phenomena, phase transitions, self-organised criticality, reaction-diffusion systems, self-replications, parallel computation, and more. Fundamental topics of algorithmic complexity, algebraic groups, language theory, evolving CA, ergodic theory, synchronisation, tiling problems and undecidability and topological dynamics of CA are addressed. Cellular automata are regular uniform networks of locally-connected finite-state machines, and represent discrete systems with non-trivial behavior, including waves, patterns and travelling localisations. CA are ubiquitous: they are mathematical models of computation and computer models of natural systems. Classes of CA presented in this book include additive CA, automatain hyperbolic spaces and non-compact spaces, CA in triangular, pentagonal and hexagonal tessellations, automata with memory, quantum and reversible automata, structurally-dynamic CA, and asynchronous automata. Topics added to the second edition include: asynchronous cellular automata, stochastic cellular automata as models of reaction-diffusion processes, cellular automata hardware implementation, cellular automata basins of attraction, orbits of Bernoulli measures in cellular automata, and graphs related to reversibility and complexity in cellular. This state-of-the-art reference is unique in bringing together unequalled expertise of interdisciplinary studies at the edge of mathematics, computer science, and physics.

The advent of powerful processing technologies and the advances in software development tools have drastically changed the approach and implementation of computational research in fundamental properties of living systems through simulating and synthesizing biological entities and processes in artificial media. Nowadays realistic physical and physiological simulation of natural and would-be creatures, worlds and societies becomes a low-cost task for ordinary home computers. The progress in technology has dramatically reshaped the structure of the software, the execution of a code, and visualization fundamentals. This has led to the emergence of novel breeds of artificial life software models, including three-dimensional programmable simulation environment, distributed discrete events platforms and multi-agent systems. This second edition reflects the technological and research advancements, and presents the best examples of artificial life software models developed in the World and available for users.

Hopping, climbing and swimming robots, nano-size neural networks, motorless walkers, slime mould and chemical brains - "Artificial Life Models in Hardware" offers unique designs and prototypes of life-like creatures in conventional hardware and hybrid bio-silicon systems. Ideas and implementations of living phenomena in non-living substrates cast a colourful picture of state-of-art advances in hardware models of artificial life.

In the late 1960s British mathematician John Conway invented a virtual mathematical machine that operates on a two-dimensional array of square cell. Each cell takes two states, live and dead. The cells’ states are updated simultaneously and in discrete time. A dead cell comes to life if it has exactly three live neighbours. A live cell remains alive if two or three of its neighbours are alive, otherwise the cell dies. Conway’s Game of Life became the most programmed solitary game and the most known cellular automaton. The book brings together results of forty years of study into computational, mathematical, physical and engineering aspects of The Game of Life cellular automata. Selected topics include phenomenology and statistical behaviour; space-time dynamics on Penrose tilling and hyperbolic spaces; generation of music; algebraic properties; modelling of financial markets; semi-quantum extensions; predicting emergence; dual-graph based analysis; fuzzy, limit behaviour and threshold scaling; evolving cell-state transition rules; localization dynamics in quasi-chemical analogues of GoL; self-organisation towards criticality; asynochrous implementations.The volume is unique because it gives a comprehensive presentation of the theoretical and experimental foundations, cutting-edge computation techniques and mathematical analysis of the fabulously complex, self-organized and emergent phenomena defined by incredibly simple rules.

Hopping, climbing and swimming robots, nano-size neural networks, motorless walkers, slime mould and chemical brains - "Artificial Life Models in Hardware" offers unique designs and prototypes of life-like creatures in conventional hardware and hybrid bio-silicon systems. Ideas and implementations of living phenomena in non-living substrates cast a colourful picture of state-of-art advances in hardware models of artificial life.

Collision-Based Computing presents a unique overview of computation with mobile self-localized patterns in non-linear media, including computation in optical media, mathematical models of massively parallel computers, and molecular systems. It covers such diverse subjects as conservative computation in billiard ball models and its cellular-automaton analogues, implementation of computing devices in lattice gases, Conway's Game of Life and discrete excitable media, theory of particle machines, computation with solitons, logic of ballistic computing, phenomenology of computation, and self-replicating universal computers. Collision-Based Computing will be of interest to researchers working on relevant topics in Computing Science, Mathematical Physics and Engineering. It will also be useful background reading for postgraduate courses such as Optical Computing, Nature-Inspired Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Engineering Systems, Complex and Adaptive Systems, Parallel Computation, Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics.

Software implementations include distance-vector algorithms for distributed path computation in dynamics networks, parallel solutions of the constrained shortest path problem, and application of the shortest path solutions in gathering robotic swarms.

This book is a tribute to Kenichi Morita’s ideas and achievements in theoretical computer science, reversibility and computationally universal mathematical machines. It offers a unique source of information on universality and reversibility in computation and is an indispensable book for computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and engineers. Morita is renowned for his works on two-dimensional language accepting automata, complexity of Turing machines, universality of cellular automata, regular and context-free array grammars, and undecidability. His high-impact works include findings on parallel generation and parsing of array languages by means of reversible automata, construction of a reversible automaton from Fredkin gates, solving a firing squad synchronization problem in reversible cellular automata, self-reproduction in reversible cellular spaces, universal reversible two-counter machines, solution of nondeterministic polynomial (NP) problems in hyperbolic cellular automata, reversible P-systems, a new universal reversible logic element with memory, and reversibility in asynchronous cellular automata.Kenichi Morita’s achievements in reversibility, universality and theory of computation are celebrated in over twenty high-profile contributions from his colleagues, collaborators, students and friends. The theoretical constructs presented in this book are amazing in their diversity and depth of intellectual insight, addressing: queue automata, hyperbolic cellular automata, Abelian invertible automata, number-conserving cellular automata, Brownian circuits, chemical automata, logical gates implemented via glider collisions, computation in swarm networks, picture arrays, universal reversible counter machines, input-position-restricted models of language acceptors, descriptional complexity and persistence of cellular automata, partitioned cellular automata, firing squad synchronization algorithms, reversible asynchronous automata, reversiblesimulations of ranking trees, Shor’s factorization algorithms, and power consumption of cellular automata.

This Festschrift is a tribute to Susan Stepney’s ideas and achievements in the areas of computer science, formal specifications and proofs, complex systems, unconventional computing, artificial chemistry, and artificial life. All chapters were written by internationally recognised leaders in computer science, physics, mathematics, and engineering. The book shares fascinating ideas, algorithms and implementations related to the formal specification of programming languages and applications, behavioural inheritance, modelling and analysis of complex systems, parallel computing and non-universality, growing cities, artificial life, evolving artificial neural networks, and unconventional computing. Accordingly, it offers an insightful and enjoyable work for readers from all walks of life, from undergraduate students to university professors, from mathematicians, computers scientists and engineers to physicists, chemists and biologists.

Topics include cellular automata, complex networks, models of computation, expansive systems, sandpile automata, Penrose tilings, Boolean automata, models of infection, Fibonacci trees, dominos, reversible automata, and fungal automata.

Topics include cellular automata, complex networks, models of computation, expansive systems, sandpile automata, Penrose tilings, Boolean automata, models of infection, Fibonacci trees, dominos, reversible automata, and fungal automata.

This book presents unique compendium of groundbreaking ideas where scientists from many different backgrounds are united in their interest in interdisciplinary approaches towards origins and development of cancers, innovative ways of searching for cancer treatment and the role of cancer in the evolution. Chapters give an unequivocal slice of all areas that relate to a quest for understanding cancer and its origin as many-fold nonlinear system, complexity of the cancer developments, a search for cancer treatment using  artificial intelligence and evolutionary optimisation, novel modelling techniques, molecular origin of cancer, the role of cancer in evolution of species, interpretation of cancer in terms of artificial life and artificial immune systems, swarm intelligence, cellular automata, computational systems biology, genetic networks, cellular computing,  validation through in vitro/vivo tumour models and tumour on chip devices. The book is an inspiring blend of theoretical and experimental results, concepts and paradigms.Distinctive featuresThe book advances widely popular topics of  cancer origin, treatment and understanding of its progressThe book is comprised of unique chapters written by world top experts in  theoretical and applied oncology, complexity theory, mathematics, computer science.The book illustrates attractive examples of mathematical and computer models and experimental setups.

This book presents unique compendium of groundbreaking ideas where scientists from many different backgrounds are united in their interest in interdisciplinary approaches towards origins and development of cancers, innovative ways of searching for cancer treatment and the role of cancer in the evolution. Chapters give an unequivocal slice of all areas that relate to a quest for understanding cancer and its origin as many-fold nonlinear system, complexity of the cancer developments, a search for cancer treatment using  artificial intelligence and evolutionary optimisation, novel modelling techniques, molecular origin of cancer, the role of cancer in evolution of species, interpretation of cancer in terms of artificial life and artificial immune systems, swarm intelligence, cellular automata, computational systems biology, genetic networks, cellular computing,  validation through in vitro/vivo tumour models and tumour on chip devices. The book is an inspiring blend of theoretical and experimental results, concepts and paradigms.Distinctive featuresThe book advances widely popular topics of  cancer origin, treatment and understanding of its progressThe book is comprised of unique chapters written by world top experts in  theoretical and applied oncology, complexity theory, mathematics, computer science.The book illustrates attractive examples of mathematical and computer models and experimental setups.

This unique book explores fungi as sensors, electronic devices, and potential future computers, offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional electronics. It covers fungal electrical activity, sensors, electronics, computing prototypes, and fungal language.

This unique book explores fungi as sensors, electronic devices, and potential future computers, offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional electronics. It covers fungal electrical activity, sensors, electronics, computing prototypes, and fungal language.

This book embarks on a journey through the captivating universe of cellular automata and discover its distinct realm, characterised by discrete time, space, and states, where cells form regular patterns and offer insights into complex systems across various domains.

This book embarks on a journey through the captivating universe of cellular automata and discover its distinct realm, characterised by discrete time, space, and states, where cells form regular patterns and offer insights into complex systems across various domains.

Using memristors one can achieve circuit functionalities that are not possible to establish with resistors, capacitors and inductors, therefore the memristor is of great pragmatic usefulness. Potential unique applications of memristors are in spintronic devices, ultra-dense information storage, neuromorphic circuits and programmable electronics. Memristor Networks focuses on the design, fabrication, modelling of and implementation of computation in spatially extended discrete media with many memristors. Top experts in computer science, mathematics, electronics, physics and computer engineering present foundations of the memristor theory and applications, demonstrate how to design neuromorphic network architectures based on memristor assembles, analyse varieties of the dynamic behaviour of memristive networks and show how to realise computing devices from memristors. All aspects of memristor networks are presented in detail, in a fully accessible style. An indispensable source of information and an inspiring reference text, Memristor Networks is an invaluable resource for future generations of computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and engineers.

The book presents findings, views and ideas on what exact problems of image processing, pattern recognition and generation can be efficiently solved by cellular automata architectures. This volume provides a convenient collection in this area, in which publications are otherwise widely scattered throughout the literature. The topics covered include image compression and resizing; skeletonization, erosion and dilation; convex hull computation, edge detection and segmentation; forgery detection and content based retrieval; and pattern generation. The book advances the theory of image processing, pattern recognition and generation as well as the design of efficient algorithms and hardware for parallel image processing and analysis. It is aimed at computer scientists, software programmers, electronic engineers, mathematicians and physicists, and at everyone who studies or develops cellular automaton algorithms and tools for image processing and analysis, or develops novel architectures and implementations of massive parallel computing devices.The book will provide attractive reading for a general audience because it has do-it-yourself appeal: all the computer experiments presented within it can be implemented with minimal knowledge of programming. The simplicity yet substantial functionality of the cellular automaton approach, and the transparency of the algorithms proposed, makes the text ideal supplementary reading for courses on image processing, parallel computing, automata theory and applications.