Anja Schmidt – författare

Covering a key connection between geological processes and life on Earth, this multidisciplinary volume describes the effects of volcanism on the environment by combining present-day observations of volcanism and environmental changes with information from past eruptions preserved in the geologic record. The book discusses the origins, features and timing of volumetrically large volcanic eruptions; methods for assessing gas and tephra release in the modern day and the palaeo-record; and the impacts of volcanic gases and aerosols on the environment, from ozone depletion to mass extinctions. The significant advances that have been made in recent years in quantifying and understanding the impacts of present and past volcanic eruptions are presented and review chapters are included, making this a valuable book for academic researchers and graduate students in volcanology, climate science, palaeontology, atmospheric chemistry, and igneous petrology.

Covering a key connection between geological processes and life on Earth, this multidisciplinary volume describes the effects of volcanism on the environment by combining present-day observations of volcanism and environmental changes with information from past eruptions preserved in the geologic record. The book discusses the origins, features and timing of volumetrically large volcanic eruptions; methods for assessing gas and tephra release in the modern day and the palaeo-record; and the impacts of volcanic gases and aerosols on the environment, from ozone depletion to mass extinctions. The significant advances that have been made in recent years in quantifying and understanding the impacts of present and past volcanic eruptions are presented and review chapters are included, making this a valuable book for academic researchers and graduate students in volcanology, climate science, palaeontology, atmospheric chemistry, and igneous petrology.

This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signaling and hormones, cell cycle, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, cell-type specific methods for targeted ablation or isolation are provided, protocols to apply “omics” technologies and to perform bioinformatics data analysis, as well as methods relevant for aspects of biotechnology or plant breeding. This includes protocols that are relevant for the targeted manipulation of pathways, for crop plant transformation, or for conditional induction of phenotypes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Germline Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a comprehensive guide not only to studying basic questions related to different aspects of plant reproductive development but also for state of the art methods, in addition to being a source of inspiration for new approaches and research questions in many laboratories.

This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signaling and hormones, cell cycle, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, cell-type specific methods for targeted ablation or isolation are provided, protocols to apply “omics” technologies and to perform bioinformatics data analysis, as well as methods relevant for aspects of biotechnology or plant breeding. This includes protocols that are relevant for the targeted manipulation of pathways, for crop plant transformation, or for conditional induction of phenotypes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Germline Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a comprehensive guide not only to studying basic questions related to different aspects of plant reproductive development but also for state of the art methods, in addition to being a source of inspiration for new approaches and research questions in many laboratories.

This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signaling and hormones, cell cycle, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, cell-type specific methods for targeted ablation or isolation are provided, protocols to apply “omics” technologies and to perform bioinformatics data analysis, as well as methods relevant for aspects of biotechnology or plant breeding. This includes protocols that are relevant for the targeted manipulation of pathways, for crop plant transformation, or for conditional induction of phenotypes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Germline Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a comprehensive guide not only to studying basic questions related to different aspects of plant reproductive development but also for state of the art methods, in addition to being a source of inspiration for new approaches and research questions in many laboratories.

Auch wenn es Darstellungen des Sexuellen in unterschiedlichen Kulturen zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten gibt, ist Pornographie ein Begriff der westlichen modernen Welt. Er wird wesentlich durch rechtliche Verbote geformt, die traditionell dem Schutz der Sittlichkeit dienen. Anja Schmidt versucht, das Pornographiestrafrecht konsequent am Maßstab der Gewährleistung sexueller Selbstbestimmung zu hinterfragen. Sie zeigt, dass das Recht auf sexuelle Selbstbestimmung das Herstellen und Nutzen sexualbezogener Inhalte umfasst, dieses Recht dadurch aber auch auf schwerwiegende Weise verletzt werden kann. Die Autorin schlägt vor, die strafrechtliche Regelung sexualbezogener Inhalte neu zu ordnen, wobei sie zwischen der Wahrnehmung sexuell expliziter Inhalte, bildbasierter sexueller Gewalt, sexueller Belästigung und der Ausbeutung bei der Herstellung sexuell expliziter Inhalte unterscheidet.

Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Hamburg (IAA), language: English, abstract: When considering the linguistic situation in Kenya, it becomes quite obvious that it is anything but homogenous. Not only the large variety of different ethnic groups, but also British colonial influences have left their marks on this diverse region. With English as the official language and Kiswahili as the national language, it seems that the language situation in Kenya should be clear cut and well defined. Yet, the search for a national identity, feelings of inferiority towards the "e;colonial"e; language English and the strive for a better political and economic life in Kenya confront the population with many challenges and problems. Kenyan society is shaped by 40 to 60 African ethnic languages, such as Maasai or Dholuo. The main means of communication among these different ethnic groups has become Kiswahili. But Kiswahili itself has seven dialects and several sub-dialects. In addition, several European languages were left behind by the colonial era and Arabic and Asian merchants have brought their languages with them too. Thus, the language situation in Kenya is extremely complex and considered to be a 3 + 1 language country. That means that most Kenyan citizens speak three languages (plus or minus one): the mother tongue (in most cases an African ethnic language), Kiswahili the national language and most often also lingua franca, and English the official language and therefore used for all educational and governmental purposes. But the competence and use of these communication systems varies largely. Like citizens of other imposed multilingual environment situations, Kenyans have developed their very own way to communicate with each other. But language is not only a pure means of communication it carries different identities depending on social context. It serves to distinguish oneself from others as well as to express one s membership to a certain group and thus influencing one s understanding of culture. However, my aim in this paper is to analyse the current trilingualism in Kenya and explain the different levels of competence. I will put the main emphasis on English and Kiswahili, as they receive official recognition by the Kenyan government. When considering the interaction of the official languages and those inferior to them, I will also refer to some new language forms that might influence the Kenyan society considerably in the future.

Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3 (A), University of Hamburg (IAA), language: English, abstract: One major assumption in the study of emotions is the idea that our understanding of emotion metaphors is, to a large extent, based on bodily experience. Although most evidence for this claim has been found in analyses of the English language, Chinese emotions seem to be conceptualised to a large degree in the same way as in English. Previous studies on the concepts of ANGER and HAPPINESS come to the conclusion that English and Chinese only vary in minor aspects, due to cultural differences. But how about the more peripheral type of emotions? Do these show the same metaphorical preferences? Or are they even more culture-specific?In this paper I will show the different metaphorical realization of RESPECT in English and Chinese and offer some suggestions as to why these differences occur. For this analysis I have considered a set of about 140 sentences and idioms in English and Chinese. After considering these sample sentences, it will become evident that these two languages most likely follow the same major metaphorical principles. English and Chinese share important concepts such as GOOD IS UP or THE OBJECT OF RESPECT IS A VALUABLE COMMODITY. And this shows in the metaphorized expressions of respect. It seems, though, that Chinese is far more restricted in the use and meaning of these respect metaphors.

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1+ (A), University of Hamburg, course: Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Puritans, language: English, abstract: In The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne has not only created an intriguing plot, but also some very "e;picturesque"e; characters, among whom the character of Pearl can probably be viewed as the most unique one. Pearl, a composition of demon offspring and elf-child, cannot but raise the question of her identity, and nature, from the day she is born. Not only the Puritan community, even her own mother persistently questions her human nature and allegorizes her as a token of guilt. Not even Hawthorne can restrain himself in reminding us constantly about the symbolic and functional nature of Pearl, so that even the most ignorant reader must notice her resemblance of the Scarlet Letter in the story. But is Pearl really just a purpose-fulfilling construction? Or is there more to this character than its function? Is a child's fascination with a shiny and colorful object really that unusual? And is it unusual for a child to behave wild if the mother raises the child in a non-authoritative form? Could it be that any real child, born into a situation described in The Scarlet Letter, would develop as Hawthorne develops the character of Pearl? This work will raise the question of Pearl s true nature and examine whether her character in Hawthorne s romance is purely shaped by her function. Yet, an analysis of Pearl s character would be a futile attempt if viewed independently of all other characters. The reader never gets to know the independent character Pearl. She is always reflected via her interaction with other characters or objects. Her thoughts remain obscure to the reader unlike the other characters . Thus, an analysis on Pearl will consist of an analysis of her interactions with the other characters in the story.

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1+ (A+), University of Hamburg, course: Motivation in Language, language: English, abstract: Linguists studying the syntactic relations of Chinese have often argued that Chinese, being a non-inflectional language, was more reliant on iconic principles than most Western languages. Since Chinese is largely dependent on the use of grammatical particles and word order, it was sought to represent conceptual mappings more directly than other languages, i.e. denoting states and events as direct reflections of human perceptions. But how iconic is Chinese really? And what are the main determinants of Chinese word order? The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of temporal sequence on Chinese word order. I will in particular examine the pre- and post-verbal placement of adverbials and try to display the limitations of this theory. I will furthermore demonstrate how other factors can account for word order questions not sufficiently resolved by the Principle of Temporal Sequence . Accordingly, I will try to show that not just one major parameter is involved in Chinese word order, but several interacting to various degrees in different contexts. For this purpose, I have examined Chinese sample sentences taken from dictionaries, as well as Chinese language learning material and grammar books. My analysis was moreover verified by the intuitions of native speakers of Chinese and is only concerned with Standard Chinese , or Putonghua (PTH) the standardized variant of Chinese as it is used on mainland China since the 1950s. Hence, I will start this analysis with a discussion of the Principle of Temporal Sequence , its possible means for Chinese word order and its limitations. I will then consider other influences, e.g. topicality and definiteness by examining problematic cases of word order which can otherwise not be explained thoroughly by the temporal sequence hypothesis. A brief summary will conclude this investigation, pointing to further possible determiners of Chinese word order.

Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Humboldt-University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: Set on a North Dakota reservation, Louise Erdrich s novel Love Medicine1 is first of all afictitious story. Despite a writer s Indian heritage2 it is unsound to read novels as a trueaccounts of reservation life, yet it seems to me that Erdrich s depiction of Chippewa familiesincludes some issues that are very much part of American Indian reality. Federal and private agencies have made a series of depressing reports as to the condition ofAmerican Indian youth, both in the home and in their interaction with the judicial system. 3Sentences like this one are ubiquitous in sources not only on young American Indians. The problems usually mentioned are: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome, alcohol abuse, domesticviolence, gang violence, rape, unemployment, jobs with little chance of career growth,depression, suicide and teen pregnancy.4A number of explanations have been found. Historical trauma response (HTR) theory isbased on the hypothesis that when people were victims of cultural trauma, the aftereffects canbe passed down through the generations. 5 Variants of this are Transgenerational PostTraumatic Stress Disorder or soul wound. 6Another popular theory is that of internalized oppression. This theory states that Natives have been oppressed for hundreds of years and as a group have takeninto their own psyche the characteristics of the oppressors resulting in the tendency to oppressthemselves even in the absence of an identifiable external oppressor.7== == 1 Erdrich, Louise. Love Medicine. Hammersmith: Harper Perennial, 2004. 2 Louise Erdrich s mother is Ojibwe. 3 Fuller, Gary. A Snapshot Report on American Indian Youth and Families , in:http://www.ocbtracker.com/0007/snapshot.html. (taken Feb. 9th 2005). 4 Ibid. 5 Strand, Joyce; Peacock, Robert (eds.). Resource Guide: Cultural Resilience , in: Tribal College Journalhttp:/www.tribalcollegejournal.org/themag/backissues/summer2003/summer2003resource.html. (taken Feb. 2nd2005)6Kindya, Kenneth. Native mental health: Issues and challenges , in:http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1063901101 (taken Feb. 2nd 2005). 7 Ibid. This sounds like a variation of Stanley Elkins notorious Sambo-thesis widely repudiated by the Civil RightsMovement because it negates African Americans agency.

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7, Universite de Paris VII - Denis Diderot, language: English, abstract: Joseph Addison in the disguise of his persona Mr. Spectator is not what his name suggests. Instead of being a mere member of the audience in the theatrum mundi he actively takes partin the century s favourite pastime: The Reformation of Manners. The eighteenth century saw the rise of the new middle class which, not being included in thetraditional hierarchy, had to find codes of conduct enabling commerce and communicationwith other classes. In public, these relied heavily on presentation of the information necessary to inspire mutualconfidence rather than on representation of the individual. In opposition to this, the privatesphere was considered the place to be natural. While men were associated with the public sphere women were thought to be naturally morefit for a life in private, domestic surroundings. Far from being natural, however, living there also meant presentation following the rules ofwhat was thought to be women s nature rather than representation of one s individuality.

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,0, Humboldt-University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: The events of September 11th 2001 were crucial in the history of the United States of Americabecause then, according to George W. Bush, the first generation of students [ ] witnessed awar fought in America. 1However, the events that followed were more than a war. Put in the President s words, this isgood versus evil. 2 Obviously, the head of the United States sees his country s experience asinvested with a higher, quasi religious, meaning. While it is often bewildering to Europeans,this way of understanding one s nation is shared by many citizens of the U.S.A.3One way of explaining this is the concept of civil religion by Robert Bellah. According tothis concept, Americans share common religious characteristics expressed through civilreligious beliefs, symbols, and rituals that provide a religious dimension to the entirety ofAmerican life. 4 It is not [ ] a form of national self-worship but [ ] the subordination ofthe nation to ethical principles that transcend it in terms of which it should be judged. 5Being only a religious dimension, American civil religion is no alternative to existingreligions; rather, there is a division of function. ---1 Bush, George W.. President Launches Lessons of Liberty . (October 30, 2001). May 23, 2006. ; The term American used by citizensof the United States of America usually refers only to themselves and not to the other inhabitants of thecontinent. 2 Bush, George W.. International Campaign Against Terror Grows . (September 25, 2001). May 23, 2006. . 3 Studies suggest that indeed, a wide cross section of citizens do share such civil religious beliefs. Swatos,William H.. Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Hartford Institute for Religion Research Hartford Seminary. CIVIL RELIGION . (1998). May 23, 2006. . 4 Swatos 1998. 5 Bellah, Robert N.. Civil Religion in America . D dalus. Journal of the American Academy of Arts andSciences. Religion in America Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 1-21. (Winter 1967). May 23, 2006.

Anja Schmidt's thesis is a unique and comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of tropospheric volcanic aerosol on the atmosphere, climate, air quality and human health. Using a state-of-the-art global microphysics model, the thesis describes and quantifies the impact of volcanic sulphur emissions on global aerosol, clouds and the radiative forcing of climate. The advanced model enables the first ever estimate of the impact of the emissions on aerosol microphysical properties such as particle number concentrations and sizes, and therefore a considerably improved ability to quantify the climate and air quality effects. There are several important discoveries in this thesis. Firstly, it is shown that continuously degassing volcanoes exert a major effect on global clouds and climate. Secondly, the impact of the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland is re-examined to show that this long-lasting flood lava eruption would have had major effects on clouds and climate. Thirdly, by combining her research on volcanism, atmospheric science and epidemiology, she shows that a present-day Laki-like eruption would seriously affect European air quality and cause over 100000 premature deaths in the first year.

Anja Schmidt''s thesis is a unique and comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of tropospheric volcanic aerosol on the atmosphere, climate, air quality and human health. Using a state-of-the-art global microphysics model, the thesis describes and quantifies the impact of volcanic sulphur emissions on global aerosol, clouds and the radiative forcing of climate. The advanced model enables the first ever estimate of the impact of the emissions on aerosol microphysical properties such as particle number concentrations and sizes, and therefore a considerably improved ability to quantify the climate and air quality effects. There are several important discoveries in this thesis. Firstly, it is shown that continuously degassing volcanoes exert a major effect on global clouds and climate. Secondly, the impact of the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland is re-examined to show that this long-lasting flood lava eruption would have had major effects on clouds and climate. Thirdly, by combining her research on volcanism, atmospheric science and epidemiology, she shows that a present-day Laki-like eruption would seriously affect European air quality and cause over 100000 premature deaths in the first year.

Anja Schmidt's thesis is a unique and comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of tropospheric volcanic aerosol on the atmosphere, climate, air quality and human health. Using a state-of-the-art global microphysics model, the thesis describes and quantifies the impact of volcanic sulphur emissions on global aerosol, clouds and the radiative forcing of climate. The advanced model enables the first ever estimate of the impact of the emissions on aerosol microphysical properties such as particle number concentrations and sizes, and therefore a considerably improved ability to quantify the climate and air quality effects. There are several important discoveries in this thesis. Firstly, it is shown that continuously degassing volcanoes exert a major effect on global clouds and climate. Secondly, the impact of the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland is re-examined to show that this long-lasting flood lava eruption would have had major effects on clouds and climate. Thirdly, by combining her research on volcanism, atmospheric science and epidemiology, she shows that a present-day Laki-like eruption would seriously affect European air quality and cause over 100000 premature deaths in the first year.

Anja Schmidt thematisiert in diesem Buch politikdidaktische Setzungen und Modelle der politischen Argumentations- und Urteilskompetenz unter Bezug auf den theoretischen und empirischen Stand der Fachdidaktik. Die Autorin geht der Frage nach, ob sich theoretische und empirische Lücken ("gap of judgement") in der politischen Argumentations- und Urteilsfähigkeit finden und untersucht die belastbare empirische Bewährung eines aktuellen Theoriemodells der politischen Urteilskompetenz.