Anne Applebaum – författare

Enligt 2024 års demokratirapport från Göteborgs Universitet lever 71% av jordens befolkning i icke-demokratier. För tio år sedan var den siffran 48%.

Den historiska bilden av en autokrati stämmer dåligt överens med vår tid. Numera styrs autokratier av professionella propagandister och sofistikerade, globala nätverk. Till skillnad från militära och politiska allianser kan de här nätverken snabbt anpassa sina relationer så att de obehindrat kan röra sig över ideologiska, geografiska och kulturella gränser. De har alla ett övergripande mål; att göra motstånd mot det demokratiska systemet och på det sättet underminera våra demokratiska värderingar.

Kampen mot denna samhällssyn - som den demokratiska världen oavsiktligt bidragit till att befästa - är ämnet för denna bok.

Historikern och journalisten Anne Applebaum skildrar den speciella politiska utvecklingen i många länder i Europa de senaste två decennierna. Metodiskt redogör hon för den antidemokratiska tendens som blivit alltmer tydlig i till exempel Polen och Ungern.

Applebaum utforskar i detalj attraktionen av nya auktoritära rörelser för människor som lever i demokratier. Vad erbjuder dessa rörelser? Till vilka instinkter talar de? Varför har de dykt upp just nu? Boken innehåller några nya rapporter, från Spanien, Schweiz och Brasilien. Applebaum undersöker några historiska exempel på andra samhällen som förförts av auktoritär retorik, däribland det stalinistiska Centraleuropa, liksom Nazityskland. Hon utforskar också polariseringen och dess effekter, meritokratin och dess missnöje. Men det viktigaste fokuset ligger på attraktionen av totalitärt tänkande och enpartistatens lockelse.

Enligt 2024 års demokratirapport från Göteborgs Universitet lever 71% av jordens befolkning i icke-demokratier. För tio år sedan var den siffran 48%.

Den historiska bilden av en autokrati stämmer dåligt överens med vår tid. Numera styrs autokratier av professionella propagandister och sofistikerade, globala nätverk. Till skillnad från militära och politiska allianser kan de här nätverken snabbt anpassa sina relationer så att de obehindrat kan röra sig över ideologiska, geografiska och kulturella gränser. De har alla ett övergripande mål; att göra motstånd mot det demokratiska systemet och på det sättet underminera våra demokratiska värderingar.

Kampen mot denna samhällssyn - som den demokratiska världen oavsiktligt bidragit till att befästa - är ämnet för denna bok.

År 1929 lanserade Stalin kollektivi­seringen av lantbruket, något som kan beskrivas som den andra ryska revolutionen. Den tvingade miljoner bönder att lämna sina gårdar och inordna sig i kollektiv. Resultatet blev en katastrofal hungersnöd, den dödligaste i europeisk historia. Svälten slog till ögonblickligen och människor började äta allt de kom över: gräs, bark, hundar eller lik. "Röd hungersnöd" är ett skakande och vederhäftigt vittnesbörd om de människor som dukade under och om de som kämpade för att överleva denna ohyggliga ondska.

Applebaums laddade språk och starka beskrivningar framkallar minnet av ett av de värsta brotten mot mänskligheten under tjugonde århundradet och visar hur det kan skapa ett nytt hot mot den framtida politiska ordningen.

We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents. But in the 21st century, that bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are underpinned not by one dictator, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, surveillance technologies, and professional propagandists, all of which operate across multiple regimes, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies in one country do business with corrupt companies in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America. International condemnation and economic sanctions cannot move the autocrats. Even popular opposition movements, from Venezuela to Hong Kong to Moscow, don’t stand a chance. The members of Autocracy, Inc, aren’t linked by a unifying ideology, like communism, but rather a common desire for power, wealth, and impunity. In this urgent treatise, which evokes George Kennan’s essay calling for “containment” of the Soviet Union, Anne Applebaum calls for the democracies to fundamentally reorient their policies to fight a new kind of threat.

From the United States and Britain to continental Europe and beyond, liberal democracy is under siege, while authoritarianism is on the rise. In Twilight of Democracy, Anne Applebaum, an award-winning historian of Soviet atrocities who was one of the first American journalists to raise an alarm about antidemocratic trends in the West, explains the lure of nationalism and autocracy. In this captivating essay, she contends that political systems with radically simple beliefs are inherently appealing, especially when they benefit the loyal to the exclusion of everyone else. Despotic leaders do not rule alone; they rely on political allies, bureaucrats, and media figures to pave their way and support their rule. The authoritarian and nationalist parties that have arisen within modern democracies offer new paths to wealth or power for their adherents. Applebaum describes many of the new advocates of illiberalism in countries around the world, showing how they use conspiracy theory, political polarization, social media, and even nostalgia to change their societies. Elegantly written and urgently argued, Twilight of Democracy is a brilliant dissection of a world-shaking shift and a stirring glimpse of the road back to democratic values.

”Från Stettin vid Östersjön till Trieste vid Adriatiska havet har en järnridå sänkts tvärs över kontinenten.” Winston Churchill, 1946 Den kritikerhyllade journalisten Anne Applebaum är tillbaka. Järnridån berättar historien om hur Östeuropa hamnade under det kommunistiska oket efter andra världskrigets slut. Den efterlängtade uppföljaren till Pulitzerprisvinnaren och bestsellern Gulag. Hur gick det egentligen till när Sovjet utökade sitt territorium och tog kontrollen över en rad östeuropeiska länder efter andra världskrigets slut? Hur kunde folk som precis befriats från det nazistiska förtrycket låta sig ockuperas av Moskva? Vilka krafter var i rörelse, vilka medel använde Stalin och hans säkerhetsapparat för att krossa det hopp om frihet och självständighet som spirade efter krigsslutet? Anne Applebaum koncentrerar sig i Järnridån på utvecklingen i tre länder: Östtyskland, Polen och Ungern och visar hur Stalin på ett smart och hänsynslöst sätt utnyttjade det unika historiska läget och på kort tid tog kontrollen över halva Europa genom att göra dem till kommunistiska lydstater, ett i grunden nytt politiskt och moraliskt system. Med hjälp av nya arkivfynd och aldrig tidigare publicerade vittnesmål skildrar Applebaum med fasansfull detaljrikedom hur livet gestaltade sig för de miljontals människor som försökte anpassa sig till det nya livet under terrorn, berövade både mänskligt hopp och världsliga tillgångar. Idag är Sovjetblocket historia, en ond parentes, vars bisarra moralsystem, grymhet och paranoia, kan kännas oerhört främmande och avlägsen. I Järnridån fångar och levandegör Applebaum en epok och ett system som under lång tid var den bistra verkligheten för miljontals människor i Europa.

Brought to you by Penguin.In the years just before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall, conservative politicians and intellectuals across Europe and America celebrated a great achievement, felt a common purpose and, very often, forged personal friendships. The euphoria quickly evaporated, the common purpose and centre ground gradually disappeared and eventually - as this book compellingly relates - the relationships soured too.Anne Applebaum traces a familiar history in an unfamiliar way, looking at the trajectories of individuals caught up in the public events of the last three decades. When politics become polarized, which side do you back? If you are a journalist, an intellectual, a civic leader, how do you deal with the re-emergence of authoritarian or nationalist ideas in your country? When your leaders appropriate history, or pedal conspiracies, or eviscerate the media and the judiciary, do you go along with it?Twilight of Democracy is a new kind of political writing, an essay that mixes the personal and the political and brings a fresh understanding to the dynamics of public life in Europe and America, both now and in the past.© Anne Applebaum 2020 (P) Penguin Audio 2020

A Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and journalist explains, with electrifying clarity, why some of her contemporaries have abandoned liberal democratic ideals in favor of strongman cults, nationalist movements, or one-party states. Across the world today, from the U.S. to Europe and beyond, liberal democracy is under siege while different forms of authoritarianism are on the rise. In Twilight of Democracy, prize-winning historian Anne Applebaum argues that we should not be surprised by this change: There is an inherent appeal to political systems with radically simple beliefs, especially when they benefit the loyal to the exclusion of everyone else. People are not just ideological, she contends in this captivating extended essay; they are also practical, pragmatic, opportunist. The authoritarian and nationalist parties that have arisen within modern democracies offer new paths to wealth or power for their adherents. Describing politicians, journalists, intellectuals, and others who have abandoned democratic ideals in the UK, U.S., Spain, Poland, and Hungary, Applebaum reveals the patterns that link the new advocates of illiberalism and charts how they use conspiracy theory, political polarization, social media, and nostalgia to change their societies.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER

From the Pulitzer-prize winning author, an alarming account of how autocracies work together to undermine the democratic world, and how we should organize to defeat them.

A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: Economist, Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, The Times "A masterful guide to the new age of authoritarianism... clear-sighted and fearless."-John Simpson, The Guardian "Especially timely."-The Washington Post

We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents.

But in the 21st century, that bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are underpinned not by one dictator, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, surveillance technologies, and professional propagandists, all of which operate across multiple regimes, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies in one country do business with corrupt companies in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America.

International condemnation and economic sanctions cannot move the autocrats. Even popular opposition movements, from Venezuela to Hong Kong to Moscow, don't stand a chance. The members of Autocracy, Inc, aren't linked by a unifying ideology, like communism, but rather a common desire for power, wealth, and impunity. In this urgent treatise, which evokes George Kennan's essay calling for "containment" of the Soviet Union, Anne Applebaum calls for the democracies to fundamentally reorient their policies to fight a new kind of threat.

We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents. But in the 21st century, there is so much more to it. Nowadays, autocracies work together, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies and kleptocrats in one country do business with corrupt companies and kleptocrats in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, diplomats band together to bend international rules, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America. Disapproval and sanctions cannot move the autocrats. Even popular opposition movements, from Venezuela to Hong Kong to Moscow, don’t stand a chance. The members of Autocracy, Inc, aren’t linked by a unifying ideology, like communism, that can be defeated, but by a common desire for power, wealth, and impunity. In this urgent treatise, Anne Applebaum calls for the democracies to fight a new kind of threat. A new preface to the paperback edition highlights the increased relevance of these dangerous dynamics in light of the return of Donald Trump to the American presidency.

In 1929 Stalin launched his policy of agricultural collectivization—in effect a second Russian revolution—which forced millions of peasants off their land and onto collective farms. The result was a catastrophic famine, the most lethal in European history. At least five million people died between 1931 and 1933 in the USSR. But instead of sending relief the Soviet state made use of the catastrophe to rid itself of a political problem. In Red Famine, Anne Applebaum argues that more than three million of those dead were Ukrainians who perished not because they were accidental victims of a bad policy but because the state deliberately set out to kill them. Applebaum proves what has long been suspected: after a series of rebellions unsettled the province, Stalin set out to destroy the Ukrainian peasantry. The state sealed the republic’s borders and seized all available food. Starvation set in rapidly, and people ate anything: grass, tree bark, dogs, corpses. In some cases, they killed one another for food. Devastating and definitive, Red Famine captures the horror of ordinary people struggling to survive extraordinary evil. Today, Russia, the successor to the Soviet Union, has placed Ukrainian independence in its sights once more. Applebaum’s compulsively readable narrative recalls one of the worst crimes of the twentieth century, and shows how it may foreshadow a new threat to the political order in the twenty-first.

The Gulag—a vast array of Soviet concentration camps that held millions of political and criminal prisoners—was a system of repression and punishment that terrorized the entire society, embodying the worst tendencies of Soviet communism. In this magisterial and acclaimed history, Anne Applebaum offers the first fully documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins in the Russian Revolution, through its expansion under Stalin, to its collapse in the era of glasnost. Applebaum intimately re-creates what life was like in the camps and links them to the larger history of the Soviet Union. Immediately recognized as a landmark and long-overdue work of scholarship, Gulag is an essential book for anyone who wishes to understand the history of the twentieth century.