Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help health care and public health organisations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Whereas standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives, such as improving total health, and equity objectives, such as reducing unfair inequality in health.This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision-makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specialising in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers and stakeholders. As well as offering an overview for research commissioners, users, and producers, the book includes systematic technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises, and discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.

Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help health care and public health organisations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Whereas standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives, such as improving total health, and equity objectives, such as reducing unfair inequality in health.This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision-makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specialising in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers and stakeholders. As well as offering an overview for research commissioners, users, and producers, the book includes systematic technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises, and discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.

Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help health care and public health organisations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Whereas standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives, such as improving total health, and equity objectives, such as reducing unfair inequality in health.This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision-makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specialising in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers and stakeholders. As well as offering an overview for research commissioners, users, and producers, the book includes systematic technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises, and discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.

Undertaking economic evaluations of occupational health and safety interventions can be difficult for a number of reasons. This is reflected by the significant lack of evidence on their cost-effectiveness. Particular challenges include: complex labour legislation, differences in the perception of health risks associated with work experiences amongst workplace parties and policy makers, costs and consequences being borne by different stakeholders in the system, conflicting incentives and priorities between the multiple stakeholders, lack of consensus about what ought to count as a benefit or cost of intervening or not intervening, multiple providers of indemnity and medical care coverage, and industry-specific human resources practices that make it difficult to identify all work-related illnesses and injuries. Advancement of the application of economic evaluation methods in this literature is further hindered by the fact that most methods books are designed for use in a clinical setting and cannot be easily applied to the workplaces. In the face of such barriers, it is not surprising that few studies of occupational health and safety interventions contain an economic evaluation. This book aims to lay the foundations for a systematic methodology of economic evaluation of workplace interventions, by identifying the main barriers to research of high quality and practical relevance, and proposing a research strategy to overcome them. Context chapters provide a wealth of background material ranging from a presentation of the broad conceptualization of work and health, to suggestions for strategies in confronting the dearth of data often experienced by occupational health and safety researchers. The institutional and regulatory approaches in different international jurisdictions are covered in one of the context chapters. Specific topic chapters delve into the principles and application of economic evaluation methods relevant to workplaces and system level interventions. Study design, type of analysis, costs, consequences, uncertainty, and equity are all covered, providing guidance on meeting many analytical and decision-making challenges. The final chapter synthesizes the summaries, conclusions, challenges and recommendations from across the book, presenting the synthesis as a reference case.

In his Foreword Tony Culyer says, quoting the Fat Controller from Thomas the Tank Engine, that he wants his book to be 'a really useful engine'. Well, he's succeeded; it's really useful, and, for me at least, it'' a true engine of discovery.'- Julian Le Grand, Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy, London School of Economics, UK'For anyone who thinks health economics is just economic evaluation and in particular cost-effectiveness analysis, this Dictionary will open their eyes to the breadth of health economics. The Dictionary takes a laudably inclusive approach, covering not just core economics terms but also terms within medicine, epidemiology, and the health sector that economists working in health need to understand. It also includes terms, and useful references, for those working as health economists in low and middle income countries. Any student or teacher should have this at their elbow.'- Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UKThis third edition of Anthony Culyer's authoritative The Dictionary of Health Economics brings the material right up to date as well as adding plentiful amounts of new information, with a number of revised definitions. There are now nearly 3,000 entries in this comprehensive work. This third edition includes 250 new references as sources for definitions and examples of practice and the bibliography comprises roughly 1,400 items. Anthony Culyer has refined and made the system of cross-references and internet links even more comprehensive than in previous editions. This Dictionary is as complete a statement as exists anywhere of what it is that every health economist ought to know.

In his Foreword Tony Culyer says, quoting the Fat Controller from Thomas the Tank Engine, that he wants his book to be ''a really useful engine''. Well, he''s succeeded; it''s really useful, and, for me at least, it'''' a true engine of discovery.''- Julian Le Grand, Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy, London School of Economics, UK

''For anyone who thinks health economics is just economic evaluation and in particular cost-effectiveness analysis, this Dictionary will open their eyes to the breadth of health economics. The Dictionary takes a laudably inclusive approach, covering not just core economics terms but also terms within medicine, epidemiology, and the health sector that economists working in health need to understand. It also includes terms, and useful references, for those working as health economists in low and middle income countries. Any student or teacher should have this at their elbow.''- Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK

This third edition of Anthony Culyer''s authoritative The Dictionary of Health Economics brings the material right up to date as well as adding plentiful amounts of new information, with a number of revised definitions. There are now nearly 3,000 entries in this comprehensive work. This third edition includes 250 new references as sources for definitions and examples of practice and the bibliography comprises roughly 1,400 items. Anthony Culyer has refined and made the system of cross-references and internet links even more comprehensive than in previous editions. This Dictionary is as complete a statement as exists anywhere of what it is that every health economist ought to know.

From Abscissa, through to the World Health Organization, this expansive Dictionary comprehensively covers the field of health economics and closely related fields including epidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, demography, medical sociology, medical statistics and bio-statistics, health policy, health administration and health service management, public health medicine and qualitative and quantitative research. Entries and definitions are provided for all key concepts listed with, in many cases, more extended entries on core or controversial ideas.Anthony Culyer has amassed a wealth of information and facts within these pages, and yet has not been reluctant to include comment on issues and ideas. This makes the Dictionary eminently readable and all the more interesting.This is a unique reference work and as such, The Dictionary of Health Economics will be a valuable reference tool for a wide audience encompassing not just health economists, but many specialists and researchers in other fields (social sciences and beyond) as well as policymakers.

Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help health care and public health organisations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Whereas standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives, such as improving total health, and equity objectives, such as reducing unfair inequality in health.This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision-makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specialising in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers and stakeholders. As well as offering an overview for research commissioners, users, and producers, the book includes systematic technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises, and discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.

Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help health care and public health organisations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Whereas standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives, such as improving total health, and equity objectives, such as reducing unfair inequality in health.This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision-makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specialising in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers and stakeholders. As well as offering an overview for research commissioners, users, and producers, the book includes systematic technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises, and discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.

Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help health care and public health organisations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Whereas standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives, such as improving total health, and equity objectives, such as reducing unfair inequality in health.This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision-makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specialising in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers and stakeholders. As well as offering an overview for research commissioners, users, and producers, the book includes systematic technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises, and discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.

Undertaking economic evaluations of occupational health and safety interventions can be difficult for a number of reasons. This is reflected by the significant lack of evidence on their cost-effectiveness. Particular challenges include: complex labour legislation, differences in the perception of health risks associated with work experiences amongst workplace parties and policy makers, costs and consequences being borne by different stakeholders in the system, conflicting incentives and priorities between the multiple stakeholders, lack of consensus about what ought to count as a benefit or cost of intervening or not intervening, multiple providers of indemnity and medical care coverage, and industry-specific human resources practices that make it difficult to identify all work-related illnesses and injuries. Advancement of the application of economic evaluation methods in this literature is further hindered by the fact that most methods books are designed for use in a clinical setting and cannot be easily applied to the workplaces. In the face of such barriers, it is not surprising that few studies of occupational health and safety interventions contain an economic evaluation. This book aims to lay the foundations for a systematic methodology of economic evaluation of workplace interventions, by identifying the main barriers to research of high quality and practical relevance, and proposing a research strategy to overcome them. Context chapters provide a wealth of background material ranging from a presentation of the broad conceptualization of work and health, to suggestions for strategies in confronting the dearth of data often experienced by occupational health and safety researchers. The institutional and regulatory approaches in different international jurisdictions are covered in one of the context chapters. Specific topic chapters delve into the principles and application of economic evaluation methods relevant to workplaces and system level interventions. Study design, type of analysis, costs, consequences, uncertainty, and equity are all covered, providing guidance on meeting many analytical and decision-making challenges. The final chapter synthesizes the summaries, conclusions, challenges and recommendations from across the book, presenting the synthesis as a reference case.

In his Foreword Tony Culyer says, quoting the Fat Controller from Thomas the Tank Engine, that he wants his book to be 'a really useful engine'. Well, he's succeeded; it's really useful, and, for me at least, it'' a true engine of discovery.'- Julian Le Grand, Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy, London School of Economics, UK'For anyone who thinks health economics is just economic evaluation and in particular cost-effectiveness analysis, this Dictionary will open their eyes to the breadth of health economics. The Dictionary takes a laudably inclusive approach, covering not just core economics terms but also terms within medicine, epidemiology, and the health sector that economists working in health need to understand. It also includes terms, and useful references, for those working as health economists in low and middle income countries. Any student or teacher should have this at their elbow.'- Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UKThis third edition of Anthony Culyer's authoritative The Dictionary of Health Economics brings the material right up to date as well as adding plentiful amounts of new information, with a number of revised definitions. There are now nearly 3,000 entries in this comprehensive work. This third edition includes 250 new references as sources for definitions and examples of practice and the bibliography comprises roughly 1,400 items. Anthony Culyer has refined and made the system of cross-references and internet links even more comprehensive than in previous editions. This Dictionary is as complete a statement as exists anywhere of what it is that every health economist ought to know.

In his Foreword Tony Culyer says, quoting the Fat Controller from Thomas the Tank Engine, that he wants his book to be ''a really useful engine''. Well, he''s succeeded; it''s really useful, and, for me at least, it'''' a true engine of discovery.''- Julian Le Grand, Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy, London School of Economics, UK

''For anyone who thinks health economics is just economic evaluation and in particular cost-effectiveness analysis, this Dictionary will open their eyes to the breadth of health economics. The Dictionary takes a laudably inclusive approach, covering not just core economics terms but also terms within medicine, epidemiology, and the health sector that economists working in health need to understand. It also includes terms, and useful references, for those working as health economists in low and middle income countries. Any student or teacher should have this at their elbow.''- Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK

This third edition of Anthony Culyer''s authoritative The Dictionary of Health Economics brings the material right up to date as well as adding plentiful amounts of new information, with a number of revised definitions. There are now nearly 3,000 entries in this comprehensive work. This third edition includes 250 new references as sources for definitions and examples of practice and the bibliography comprises roughly 1,400 items. Anthony Culyer has refined and made the system of cross-references and internet links even more comprehensive than in previous editions. This Dictionary is as complete a statement as exists anywhere of what it is that every health economist ought to know.

From Abscissa, through to the World Health Organization, this expansive Dictionary comprehensively covers the field of health economics and closely related fields including epidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, demography, medical sociology, medical statistics and bio-statistics, health policy, health administration and health service management, public health medicine and qualitative and quantitative research. Entries and definitions are provided for all key concepts listed with, in many cases, more extended entries on core or controversial ideas.Anthony Culyer has amassed a wealth of information and facts within these pages, and yet has not been reluctant to include comment on issues and ideas. This makes the Dictionary eminently readable and all the more interesting.This is a unique reference work and as such, The Dictionary of Health Economics will be a valuable reference tool for a wide audience encompassing not just health economists, but many specialists and researchers in other fields (social sciences and beyond) as well as policymakers.