Antonino Rotolo - Böcker

The present collection represents an attempt to bring together several contributions to the ongoing debate pertaining to supervenience of the normative in law and morals and strives to be the first work that addresses the topic comprehensively. It addresses the controversies surrounding the idea of normative supervenience and the philosophical conceptions they generated, deserve a recapitulation, as well as a new impulse for further development.Recently, there has been renewed interest in the concepts of normativity and supervenience. The research on normativity – a term introduced to the philosophical jargon by Edmund Husserl almost one hundred years ago – gained impetus in the 1990s through the works of such philosophers as Robert Audi, Christine Korsgaard, Robert Brandom, Paul Boghossian or Joseph Raz. The problem of the nature and sources of normativity has been investigated not only in morals and in relation to language, but also in other domains, e.g. in law or in the context of the theories of rationality. Supervenience, understood as a special kind of relation between properties and weaker than entailment, has become analytic philosophers’ favorite formal tool since 1980s. It features in the theories pertaining to mental properties, but also in aesthetics or the law. In recent years, the ‘marriage’ of normativity and supervenience has become an object of many philosophical theories as well as heated debates. It seems that the conceptual apparatus of the supervenience theory makes it possible to state precisely some claims pertaining to normativity, as well as illuminate the problems surrounding it.

The present collection represents an attempt to bring together several contributions to the ongoing debate pertaining to supervenience of the normative in law and morals and strives to be the first work that addresses the topic comprehensively.

The 4th International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML 2010), co-located in Alexandria, Virginia, USA (near Washington, DC) with the 13th International BusinessRules Forum Conference2010,wasorganizedto meet colleaguesand to exchange ideas from all subareas of Web rule technology. The aims of RuleML 2010 were both to present new and interesting research results and to show s- cessfullydeployedrule-basedapplications. Thisannualsymposiumisthe?agship event of the Rule Markup Language (RuleML) Initiative. The RuleML Initiative (www. ruleml. org) is a non-pro?t umbrella organi- tion of several technical groups organized by representatives from academia, industry and public sectors working on rule technologies and applications. Its aim is to promote the study, research and application of rules in heterogeneous distributedenvironmentssuchastheWeb. RuleMLmaintainse?ectivelinkswith other major international societies and acts as an intermediary between various "specialized" rule vendor, application, industrial and academic research groups, as well as standardization e?orts including W3C, OMG and OASIS.After a series of successful international RuleML workshops and conferences, the RuleML symposia, held since 2007, constitute a new kind of event where the Web rules and logic community joins the established, practically oriented business rules community (www. businessrulesforum. com). The symposium s- ports the idea that there is a successful path from high-quality research results to deployed applications.

This handbook addresses legal reasoning and argumentation from a logical, philosophical and legal perspective. The main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and are analysed in connection with more general types (and problems) of reasoning.