B Landheer – författare

The Conference on "Ethical values in international decision­ making" was held by the Grotius Seminarium in the period June 16-20, 1958 at the Institute of Social Studies in the Hague. At that time, a number of papers were distributed to the par­ ticipants while -after the Conference -two brief reports appeared in "De Internationale Spectator" (1958, I, p. 426-435) and in "Research and Education in the Netherlands" (September 1958, Vol. II, no. 3, p. 18-21). As considerable time has elapsed since, this Booklet does not give a "report" on the Conference, but rather it attempts to recapture its spirit and to elaborate some of the problems which were discussed. The introductory "Remarks" do this in an indi­ vidualistic manner for which the author alone is responsible, but it is hoped that this way of presenting the topic of the Conference anew will rekindle the interest of the original participants while it may attract others and give them an impression of what the Grotius Seminarium is trying to do. In addition, those of the papers which dealt with the more general aspects of the Confer­ ence's topic are presented in this booklet. B. LANDHEER December, 1959 TABLE OF CONTENTS· 1. Preface. 3 II. Ethical values in international decision-making. 7 Remarks around the Conference, by B. Landheer, 7 The Hague.

by B. LANDHEER The Grotius Seminarium has as its purpose the study of international problems under the aspect of "living and cooperating in one world." Its Conference of May 30-June 2, I96I on "Limits and Problems of European integration" attempted to view European integration within the framework of this general goal as is somewhat implied in its title. "The limits of European integration" lie in the necessity of fitting it in the wider framework of international cooperation, while its problems lie in the various interpretations and concretizations of its own goals, ab out which there are a number of different viewpoints. It could be stated that the European is faced with three sets of problems: the creation of a more unified world as a global problem; the regional integration of Europe; and, thirdly, the continuation of more strictly national interests. It is not justified to assume that these three circles of interest are automatically complementary: they are often antagonistic, and a "philosophy of integration" would have to arrive at a structural presentation of those various values and of tbeir interrelatedness. While it is obviously not possible for a small Conference to give those problems their full weight, it is nevertheless hoped that the essays combined in this volume raise a number of relevant questions and contribute to the elaboration of some more concrete problems.

The term EUROVISION, invented-by pure chance-only a few years ago, is now familiar to millions. What the name covers is the subject of this paper. EUROVISION is not the name of an organisation or company, but rather an emblem. It signifies international co-operation in television programme exchanges within the framework of the European Broad­ casting Union - or rather the most spectacular element of that Co-oper­ ation. It appears conspicuously at the head of programmes relayed by several countries. To understand the full extent of this co-operation, it is best to look at the wider field covered by the structure and working of the European Broadcasting Union itself. The European Broadcasting Union is a professional association, grouping Western European radio-television organisations as active members, with organisations in other continents as associate members. It is financed by contributions from its members. Questions of principle, management and financial responsibility come under the Administrative Council or the General Assembly (from which it is elected) - in which the Directors-General of the several organisations are represented. The present Chairman is M. RoDIN6 of Italy who succeeded M. RYDBECK of Sweden. Four Committees are responsible for preparatory studies and routine problems: the Legal, the Technical, the Programme and the Sound Broadcasting Committees, which group the specialist Service Directors.