Endophytic fungi belonging to the Balansieae tribe were first hypothesized to cause poor livestock performance in 1977 and, in 1980, the association was validated. The fungi were extensively studied and classified according to morphology, their life cycles exam- ined to determine methods to eliminate the fungi in grasses, and practical methods devel- oped for livestock producers to eliminate endophyte-infected plants from pastures and establish endophyte-free plants. Hindsight illustrates how primitive was our understanding of the associations between endophyte, grass plant, and animal. The plant/endophyte asso- ciations, thought to be rare cases, have now been identified in grasses that are adapted from tropical to nearly arctic, and from marshland to desert climatic regimes.In the two decades that have passed since the first endophyte-plant-animal associa- tion was made, the scientific community has re-classified the endophytic fungi twice (now the genus Neotyphodium), ~he systematics and ecological role of endophytes have been more clearly defined, endophytes and grasses are now generally accepted as mutualistic symbionts, the chemistry of toxins and their functions defined, beneficial effects of endo- phytes on plants identified, and commercial ventures have emerged based upon endophyte research in the turfgrass and livestock industries.

Professor E. G. L. Bywaters CBE, MO, FRCp, FACP This book provides a summary - a distillation - of most of the presenta­ tion at the XIIIth Symposium of EULAR (The European League Against Rheumatism) on Vasculitis organized by Professor Hasan Yazici and Professor Paul Bacon. It was indeed a symposium, a festival of learn­ ing, science and medicine held in June 1994 in Istanbul, Turkey, in one of the newest and most lavishly fitted modem hotels of the twentieth century, with more extravagant fittings than any sultan at the height of his power was able to command and with a splendidly equipped con­ ference center as well as a lovely view south-east over the Bosphorous with its busy water traffic. In contrast was the history by which we were surrounded, the early churches of Constantine, the mosques and palaces of the Ottoman sultans, a city embued with an illustrious past and which perhaps was at one time the most famous and the richest in the world. The participants (numbering about 1000), like those early traders of the Golden Hom, united Eastern and Western worlds. They came from the Americas, from the Antipodes, from Asia and, of course, from Europe, bridging the world of science as did the ancient bridges and boats of the Bosphorous in their own time.

This is the first volume to provide comprehensive coverage of the biology of water use efficiency at molecular, cellular, whole plant and community levels. While several works have included the phenomenon of water use efficiency, and others have concentrated on an agronomic framework, this book represents the first detailed treatment with a biological focus. The volume sets out the definitions applicable to water use efficiency, the fundamental physiology and biochemistry governing the efficiency of carbon vs water loss, the environmental regulation of this process and the detailed physiological basis by which the plant exerts control over such efficiency. It is aimed at researchers and professionals in plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, developmental biology and agriculture. It will also inform those involved in formulating research and development policy in this topic around the world.

Pas de méthode scientifique moderne sans Sir Francis Bacon. Son oeuvre s''inscrit dans le cadre de la révolution scientifique, qui prit son essor au XVIIe siècle en Angleterre et décida de toute l''évolution de la pensée philosophique et scientifique. C''est à lui que l''on doit l''idée d''une approche méthodique, fondée sur l''observation prudente des faits de la nature. Il fut le premier à défendre l''idée de l''empirisme comme base du travail scientifique, afin d''éviter la projection et les distorsions dûes à une préférence pour l''une ou l''autre hypothèse. Cette approche révolutionnaire pour l''époque est aujourd''hui au fondement de l''approche scientifique moderne. Découvrez 100 citations choisies parmi ses plus influentes, portrait d''un esprit scientifique lucide et source d''inspiration.

La Renaissance est une période cruciale de l''histoire des idées, dont la richesse incroyable a fondé les structures de la pensée moderne. Comprendre ses plus grands penseurs, c''est saisir le monde dans toute sa profondeur présente. Cette collection de citations rassemble les pensées les plus précieuses de trois figures majeures, les mieux placées pour résumer l''apport de cette période : introspection et plaisante sagesse avec Michel de Montaigne, stratégie politique et opportunisme avec Machiavel, et fondements de la méthode scientifique avec Sir Francis Bacon. Elle fournira aux amateurs de philosophie et de culture générale toutes les clefs pour vous approprier la période où sont nés les outils de pensée que nous utilisons encore aujourd''hui. Ce format concis et accessible est idéal pour la préparation aux examens et aux concours (bac, capes, agrégation...), la culture générale et le développement personnel.

300 citations de la philosophie de la Renaissance

900 citations de la philosophie moderne

500 citations des grands philosophes du XVIe siècle

Endophytic fungi belonging to the Balansieae tribe were first hypothesized to cause poor livestock performance in 1977 and, in 1980, the association was validated. The fungi were extensively studied and classified according to morphology, their life cycles exam- ined to determine methods to eliminate the fungi in grasses, and practical methods devel- oped for livestock producers to eliminate endophyte-infected plants from pastures and establish endophyte-free plants. Hindsight illustrates how primitive was our understanding of the associations between endophyte, grass plant, and animal. The plant/endophyte asso- ciations, thought to be rare cases, have now been identified in grasses that are adapted from tropical to nearly arctic, and from marshland to desert climatic regimes.In the two decades that have passed since the first endophyte-plant-animal associa- tion was made, the scientific community has re-classified the endophytic fungi twice (now the genus Neotyphodium), ~he systematics and ecological role of endophytes have been more clearly defined, endophytes and grasses are now generally accepted as mutualistic symbionts, the chemistry of toxins and their functions defined, beneficial effects of endo- phytes on plants identified, and commercial ventures have emerged based upon endophyte research in the turfgrass and livestock industries.

Professor E. G. L. Bywaters CBE, MO, FRCp, FACP This book provides a summary - a distillation - of most of the presenta­ tion at the XIIIth Symposium of EULAR (The European League Against Rheumatism) on Vasculitis organized by Professor Hasan Yazici and Professor Paul Bacon. It was indeed a symposium, a festival of learn­ ing, science and medicine held in June 1994 in Istanbul, Turkey, in one of the newest and most lavishly fitted modem hotels of the twentieth century, with more extravagant fittings than any sultan at the height of his power was able to command and with a splendidly equipped con­ ference center as well as a lovely view south-east over the Bosphorous with its busy water traffic. In contrast was the history by which we were surrounded, the early churches of Constantine, the mosques and palaces of the Ottoman sultans, a city embued with an illustrious past and which perhaps was at one time the most famous and the richest in the world. The participants (numbering about 1000), like those early traders of the Golden Hom, united Eastern and Western worlds. They came from the Americas, from the Antipodes, from Asia and, of course, from Europe, bridging the world of science as did the ancient bridges and boats of the Bosphorous in their own time.

This is the first volume to provide comprehensive coverage of the biology of water use efficiency at molecular, cellular, whole plant and community levels. While several works have included the phenomenon of water use efficiency, and others have concentrated on an agronomic framework, this book represents the first detailed treatment with a biological focus. The volume sets out the definitions applicable to water use efficiency, the fundamental physiology and biochemistry governing the efficiency of carbon vs water loss, the environmental regulation of this process and the detailed physiological basis by which the plant exerts control over such efficiency. It is aimed at researchers and professionals in plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, developmental biology and agriculture. It will also inform those involved in formulating research and development policy in this topic around the world.

Pas de méthode scientifique moderne sans Sir Francis Bacon. Son oeuvre s''inscrit dans le cadre de la révolution scientifique, qui prit son essor au XVIIe siècle en Angleterre et décida de toute l''évolution de la pensée philosophique et scientifique. C''est à lui que l''on doit l''idée d''une approche méthodique, fondée sur l''observation prudente des faits de la nature. Il fut le premier à défendre l''idée de l''empirisme comme base du travail scientifique, afin d''éviter la projection et les distorsions dûes à une préférence pour l''une ou l''autre hypothèse. Cette approche révolutionnaire pour l''époque est aujourd''hui au fondement de l''approche scientifique moderne. Découvrez 100 citations choisies parmi ses plus influentes, portrait d''un esprit scientifique lucide et source d''inspiration.

La Renaissance est une période cruciale de l''histoire des idées, dont la richesse incroyable a fondé les structures de la pensée moderne. Comprendre ses plus grands penseurs, c''est saisir le monde dans toute sa profondeur présente. Cette collection de citations rassemble les pensées les plus précieuses de trois figures majeures, les mieux placées pour résumer l''apport de cette période : introspection et plaisante sagesse avec Michel de Montaigne, stratégie politique et opportunisme avec Machiavel, et fondements de la méthode scientifique avec Sir Francis Bacon. Elle fournira aux amateurs de philosophie et de culture générale toutes les clefs pour vous approprier la période où sont nés les outils de pensée que nous utilisons encore aujourd''hui. Ce format concis et accessible est idéal pour la préparation aux examens et aux concours (bac, capes, agrégation...), la culture générale et le développement personnel.

300 citations de la philosophie de la Renaissance

900 citations de la philosophie moderne

500 citations des grands philosophes du XVIe siècle