Bernard L. Horecker – författare

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 1 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including the transfer of genetic information, intermediary metabolism, and cellular differentiation. This book discusses the advances in the general area of cellular regulation. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the molecular models that attempt to provide the correlation of the kinetic properties of the protein with its structural architecture. This text then examines several aspects of metabolism and of metabolic enzymes that appear to represent adaptations to the need to limit solute concentrations and conserve solvent capacity. Other chapters consider the factors that determine the overall rates of metabolic pathways. This book discusses as well the biosynthetic pathways leading to the branched-chain amino acids. The final chapter deals with the structure and mechanism of action of pyruvate carboxylase. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and biochemists.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 2 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the occurrence of the enzyme in plants and microorganisms. This text then examines the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and vitamins, which is proving an interesting model system for the study of regulation. Other chapters consider the control of cholesterol biosynthesis in normal tissues, with emphasis on the pathologic implications of derangements of cholesterol feedback control. This book discusses as well the aspects of the biogenesis of yeast mitochondria. The final chapter deals with regulation in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway at the level of enzyme activity. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 3 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the classification of the various pathways of intermediary metabolisms from a physiological standpoint. This text then examines the immunological surface disparities between normal and tumor cells. Other chapters consider a general nomenclature for enzyme systems that exist in interconvertible phosphorylated and dephosphorylate forms. This book discusses as well the correlation between yeast pyruvate kinase activity and ADP concentration at various KCI levels. The final chapter deals with the systematic investigation concerning the fluctuations of pyruvate kinase in liver and muscle. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, biochemists, pathologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 4 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the activity of ornithine transcarbamylase that catalyzes the condensation of carbamyl phosphate with ornithine. This text then presents and discusses the in vitro data that are available on the molecular interactions that govern the expression of lactose (lac) operon. Other chapters consider the bovine liver, which has been characterized in terms of molecular and kinetic characteristics. This book discusses as well the de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids, which is catalyzed by two enzyme systems. The final chapter deals with the factors leading to glycogenolysis as it occurs in mammalian skeletal muscle. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and biochemists.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 5 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the role of phosphofructokinase in the regulation of glycolysis. This text then outlines the structural aspects of phosphofructokinase, its main kinetic properties, and the various mechanisms that have been proposed for its regulation. Other chapters consider the four-stage approach to analysis of control mechanisms. This book discusses as well the regulation of cellular function through the mechanism of protein phosphorylation. The final chapter deals with the pathway for histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium, which consists of a series of reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and biochemists.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 6 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the well-defined stages of sporulation that can be correlated with the appearance of several enzymes, ultrastructures, and chemical components associated with the developing spore. This text then examines the regulatory properties of G6PD from various sources, with emphasis to those cells in which these properties may operate in vivo in the control of carbohydrate metabolism. Other chapters consider the various methods for analyzing biochemical systems. The final chapter deals with kinetic cooperativity, which is the basis of the flip-flop mechanism. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 7 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the activity of RuDP carboxylase in plant photosynthesis that appears to be controlled by the relative concentrations of F6P and FDP. This text then examines the glycolate pathway of metabolism in plants and algae. Other chapters consider the sequence of events as well as the mechanisms of regulation that are involved in the formation of the fibrin clot. This book discusses as well the biology of spermatogenesis. The final chapter deals with the mechanism of enzyme synthesis and its regulation at the gene level. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 8 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the roles of multiple protein factors in the conversion of chitin synthetase zymogen to its catalytically active form. This text then examines the mechanisms that underlie differential metabolic control of the diverse functions of glucose-6-phosphatase. Other chapters consider the results of studies in Klebsiella aerogenes. This book discusses as well the physical–chemical properties of the enzymes from animals and bacteria. The final chapter deals with the mechanisms of regulating lipogenesis in animal tissues, the deamidation of glutamyl and asparaginyl residues in peptides and proteins. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 9 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the properties of the various hemoglobins present in trout blood. This text then introduces an interesting system for the study of differentiation and morphogenesis, the unicellular prokaryote Caulobacter crescentus. Other chapters consider the possible function of intracellular proteases in the regulation of enzyme activity in microorganisms and in their adaptation to changes in environmental conditions. This book discusses as well the physiological role and regulation of malic enzymes. The final chapter provides a comprehensive kinetic analysis of the phenomenon of enzyme induction in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 10 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the enzymes that exhibit half-of-the-sites activity. This text then examines the two different aspects of cyclic AMP-mediated systems. Other chapters consider the possible role of citrate synthase in the regulation of the citric acid cycle. This book discusses as well the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway. The final chapter reviews the evidence for the occurrence of futile cycles at three control points in the metabolism of glucose, namely, at the level of glucose phosphorylation, at the interconversion of fructose mono- and biophosphates, and between pyruvate and phosphenol pyruvate. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 11 focuses on the biochemical mechanisms and key role of the liver in the homeostasis of blood glucose. This book begins with a discussion of glucokinase that is known to play a key role in glucose uptake by liver, followed by a broad overview of the mechanisms that control both glucose uptake by and release from the liver and enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and breakdown. The classical enzyme models for allosteric regulatory mechanisms known as the biodegradative threonine deaminase are also elaborated. Other topics include the control of blood cholesterol levels, use of cultured mammalian cells, and studies of mutant cell lines. A model for protein turnover is likewise presented, including other mechanisms for the selective degradation of protein, selective uptake by lysosomes, and possible role of stabilizing factors. This publication concludes with an evaluation of complex regulatory mechanisms proposed for the regulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. This volume is recommended for biologists and researchers interested in advances in the general area of cellular regulation.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 12 focuses on the binding of polypeptide hormones to the specific receptor sites on the cellular membrane. This book consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 describes how several polypeptide regulators, hormones, and growth factors act through very similar mechanisms. The second messenger roles of cAMP and cGMP in the regulation of various protein kinases are dealt with in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 discusses the experimental conditions employed in studying the characteristics of regulatory enzymes in vitro and in vivo, while Chapter 4 elaborates the intracellular compartmentation of enzymes, cofactors, and metabolic intermediates of glycolysis in various tissues from different organisms. The biochemical mechanisms that underlie the induction of enzymes in catabolic pathways are considered in Chapter 5. The last chapter is devoted to the role of T4 phage-induced covalent modification reactions in the transcriptional control of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase in E. coli. This volume is suitable for biologists and researchers concerned with the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 13 emphasizes the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities. This book discusses the enzymology of aminoacyl-tRNA protein transferases, analysis of mutant phenotypes, and protein kinase reaction with pyruvate kinase as substrate. The rapid hormonal regulation of pyruvate kinase in vivo, interconvertible enzyme cascades in metabolic regulation, monocyclic cascade systems, and metabolism of fructose in the liver are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the influence of fructose on lipid metabolism, lactose operator-repressor interaction, and regulation of nitrogenase synthesis. Other topics include the involvement of isozymes in metabolic regulation and molecular approach to the complement system. This volume is a good reference for biologists and researchers conducting work on the advances in the general area of cellular regulation.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 14 reviews the advances in the general area of cellular regulation. This book discusses the mechanism and function of the C4 pathway, regulation of individual enzymes, inhibitors of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis, and patterns of derepression. The functions of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes during development; and regulation of glycogen synthetase activity are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the substrate specificity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, model systems of enzyme sequences, and posttranslational modifications in selected enzymes. This volume is a good source for biologists and researchers interested in the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 15 deliberates the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities. This book discusses the kinetics and thermodynamics of cGMP binding to G-kinase, activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and polymeric forms of phosphofructokinase. The genetic control of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes in drosophila, discrepancies in the interpretation of the ODC assay, and comparison of chemotaxis in leukocytes and other cells are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the biochemical aspects of neurosecretion and neurophysin-neurohormone complexes. This volume is valuable to biologists and researchers concerned with advances in the general area of cellular regulation.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 16 considers the advances in the general area of cellular regulation. This book discusses the subcellular distribution of hexokinase in brain homogenates and experimental evidence for bound hexokinase as a compartmental control point. The enzymology and biologic significance of cytochrome c methylation, polyaromatic-biosynthetic multienzyme system, and proteolytic modulation of gene expression in sporulation are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the occurrence of cyclic nucleotide-synthesizing and -degrading enzymes in the mammalian brain and calcium ion as a positive effector of oocyte maturation. This volume is beneficial to biologists and researchers conducting work on the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 17 deals with the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities. This book discusses the regulation of proteinase inhibitor accumulation in excised tomato leaves, inhibitors associated with cysteine proteinases, and stimulation of DNA synthesis in quiescent cultured cells. The regulation of the biosynthesis of RNA polymerase subunits, molecular consequences of formyl peptide binding, and instability versus homeostasis in cell energy metabolism are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the physiological significance of desensitization and cooperation between nuclear and mitochondrial genetic systems. This volume is beneficial to biologists and researchers concerned with advances in the general area of cellular regulation.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 19 analyzes the advances in the general area of cellular regulation. This book discusses the evidence indicating that synthesis of the histidine enzymes is regulated and drugs affecting ribonucleotide reductase. The analogy principle in comparative biochemistry of allosteric regulation of metabolism, steady-state model of glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, and sensitivity of enzyme activity to changing ion concentrations are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the cAMP-dependent protein kinases of nervous tissue and amino acid sequences of IGF I and II. This volume is a good reference for biologists and researchers conducting work on the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 20 evaluates the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities. This book discusses the role of glutamine in the flow of nitrogen, regulation of glycogen synthase activity by covalent phosphorylation, and physiological role of PFK phosphorylation. The in vivo modulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity, hypotheses on the role of eIF-2 phosphorylation, and ADP-ribosyltransferase from turkey erythrocytes are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the non-enzymic effects of vanadate and phosphorylation of liver and muscle PFK. This volume is a good source for biologists and researchers interested in advances in the general area of cellular regulation.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 21 examines the advances in the general area of cellular regulation. This book discusses the roles of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 ancillary factors in the regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation and phosphorylation state of eIF-2. The monoclonal antibodies to cap-binding proteins, criteria for establishment of the biological significance of ribosomal protein phosphorylation, and comparison with casein kinases from mammary gland are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatases, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions in vitro, and induced commitment to terminal erythroid differentiation. Other topics include the turnover characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase and role of urea synthesis in the removal of metabolic bicarbonate and regulation of blood pH. This volume is useful to biologists and researchers interested in basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 22 is a collection of papers that deals with eukaryotic protein synthesis, lysosomal thiol proteinases, and the properties of adenylosuccinate synthetase. Other papers discuss the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ornithine cycle, and seminal vesicle development and function. One paper investigates the poly ADP-ribosylation of protein, particularly in quantifying synthesis and in the function of the polymer. Another paper observes the construction of a reconstituted cell-free system in which there is for the first time a catalytic use, followed by a recycling of eIF-2. A eukaryotic regulatory factor or eukaryotic recycling factor (eRF) is a prerequisite factor in the in the control of the rate of initiation. One paper reviews the properties, structures, and functions of thiol endopeptidases in mammalian lysosomes and the characteristics of the endogenous inhibitor. Another paper explains the regulatory, kinetic, and genetic aspects of adenylosuccinate synthetase from a variety of systems. One paper discusses the short-term regulation of the carboxylase from animal tissues, with emphasis on the covalent modification of the carboxylase, and its relationship to the allosteric control mechanism. Molecular biologists, general biologists, and microbiologists will find the articles in this collection invaluable.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 23 is a collection of papers that discusses pyruvate carboxylase, the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and the plasma membrane ATPase of fungi or plants. Other papers deal with adrenergic control of phosphofructokinase, protein phosphatase, as well as the regulation of polypeptide precursors of mature mitochondrial proteins. One paper explains the three dimensional structure of pyruvate carboxylase and its reaction mechanism. Electron microscopic analyses show that four monomers of pyruvate carboxylases isolated from vertebrate sources form a tight tetrahedron-like structure. Another paper describes the regulation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in the liver and of the enzymes that are responsible for its metabolism, and the mechanism involved in fructose, particularly in the regulation of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity. The paper also explains the role of this effector in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. One paper deals with the different levels of biological organization (whole cells, isolated plasma membranes, and purified enzyme) that characterizes the plasma membrane ATPase of fungi and plants as a novel type of proton pump. The collection can prove useful for biologists, microbiologists, students, and professors of biology and biophysics.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 25 is a collection of papers that deals with GTP, the central regulator of cellular anabolism, and the quantitative approach to metabolic control. , Other papers describe the inactivation and aldolases by limited proteolysis by lysosomal cathepsin M, the regulatory functions of proline, pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, as well as the characteristics of a hormonal regulation of amino acid transport. One paper suggests that GTP, possibly acting through high guanine nucleotide energy charge, acts to stimulate a wide variety of anabolic processes involved in cell growth or proliferation. Another paper proposes that lysosomes are responsible for the degradation of proteins and other macromolecules, and in regulating cytosolic enzymes. This action is due to the presence of selected proteinases (located on the outer lysosomal surface) that are active at neutral pH, and also which catalyze only limited proteolysis of cytosolic proteins. One paper describes the characteristics and hormonal regulation of a specific transport system for neutral amino acids, namely, the System A-mediated transport. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, bio-physicists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 28 is a collection of papers that deals with enzyme-enzyme interactions, regulation of metabolic reaction pathways, the relevance of intracellular amino acid pool in the regulation of protein metabolism, and the production of superoxide by phagocytic leukocytes. Other papers discuss the regulation of adrenergic receptor function by phosphyrylation, a membrane-bound metallo-endopeptidase (meprin), as well as the covalent modification as a mechanism of marking proteins for degradation. One paper notes that the transfer pathway involving enzyme-enzyme recognition is associated with molecular specificity features over those demanded by the molecular structural constraints of the individual enzyme sites. The Albery and Knowles principle, under certain conditions, shows that intermediary metabolites within a particular pathway exist in states of nearly equal free energy. One paper describes that the amino acid pool size and content are governed by the conditioning of intracellular proteins and the metabolic activity of the cell. The paper also suggests that intracellular pools do not regulate protein metabolism. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology or physiology.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 29 is a collection of papers that deals with dynamic macromolecular interactions, ligand binding, multi-enzyme complex formation, the regulation of fatty acid uptake, and synthesis in mammary or adipose tissues. Other papers explain the functional relationships of guanosine triphosphate binding proteins, the glycogen storage disease, the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in the brain, as well as the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. One paper discusses the dissociable enzyme complexes stabilized by weak interactions, particularly on the interaction of cytosolic enzymes with the contractile apparatus, with membranes, or with functionally related enzymes. Another paper investigates the mechanism of acute regulation, in mammary epithelial cells, of the processes which collaborate to supply fatty acids for esterification to form glycerolipids (which is predominantly triacylglycerol). Glycerolipids comprise mostly the total lipid content of the secretory product of those cells—mammalian milk. The paper notes that a counter-regulatory hormone collaborating with insulin in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the lactating mammary cell, does not act via cyclic AMP. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, bio-physicists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology or physiology.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 30 is a collection of papers that deals with eukaryotic DNA methylation, gene expression, regulation of nitrogenase activity, and the recognition of DNA by Type II restriction enzymes. Other papers discuss the mitochondrial Krebs cycle, enzyme mechanisms, transducin, and calcium-dependent cellular processes. One paper explains that methylation and demethylation of the DNA are complicated active processes, involving many aspects of the genome. The paper also notes that within the gross changes in methylation patterns, specific CpG sites play important roles in the expression or shutdown of target genes. Another paper concludes that, mono-ADP ribosylation being a mechanism of action of the diphtheria toxin, ADP ribosylation plays a role in normal cell metabolism by regulating the activity of key enzymes. One paper explains the significance of restriction enzymes into the nature of DNA-protein interactions; as well as the enzyme''s possible role in discriminating between alternative DNA sequences. Biochemists, cellular researchers, micro-biologists, bio-physicists, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology will find the collection very useful.

Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 31 is a collection of papers that deals with the role of calcium as intracellular messenger, calcium release or entry across the plasma membrane, calcium in neurotransmitter release, and the regulation of free calmodulin levels in neurons by neuromodulin. Other papers discuss the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, the regulation of muscular calcium channels, and the Na+-Ca2+ exchangers. One paper describes the mechanisms of intracellular calcium release or entry in which agonists acting through the phosphoinositide system, or possibly by metabolites or secondary messenger system,can regulate the mechanisms of cellular Ca2+. Another paper describes different approaches in evaluating the possible mechanisms of calcium in neurotransmitter release. The paper notes that imaging techniques can be used in the timing and order of events in the release process. Possible identification by the investigator of specific "releasing" regions at the membranes, such as active zones, can also define more precisely the exact localization of the process. One paper discusses the interaction between released calmodulin and cytoskeleton proteins that can affect polymerization and cross-linking of cytoskeleton polymers, that leads to filopodia formation or extension. The collection will prove beneficial to molecular biologists, general biologists, microbiologists, biochemists, and researchers involved in cellular biology.

In recent times it has come to be realized that pentoses are important as building blocks in the organism and as intermediate products in meta­ bolism. The finding that ribose and desoxyribose are nucleic acid con­ stituents and the discovery of the pentose-phosphate cycle have put these substances in a central position in biochemical research. The con­ current realization that the pentitol, xylitol, is involved in an important metabolic cycle and that the body can handle it in quantities comparable in magnitude to the well-known carbohydrates has resulted in extensive experimental and clinical studies, especially in Germany and Japan. Some of the properties of xylitol, e.g. its independence of insulin and also its utilization in other disturbances of the glucose metabolism have aroused considerable interest among clinicians. The initial experiments have shown that xylitol may be of significant therapeutic value, and more extensive research work into the possible clinical applications of xylitol is being undertaken. Xylitol research is a typical example of the interrelation of the clinical and experimental approaches to a problem. These rapid advances in knowledge made it necessary to bring together workers in both the research and clinical fields in order that they might discuss their findings in critical fashion and advance our understanding of this subject.