This textbook concentrates on processes, activities and results related to software architectures. It describes the separation of architecture artefacts corresponding to their nature, their logical or their modeling level on one hand and at the same time emphasizes their integration based on their mutual relations. Design or development processes demand for integration, as different artifacts must be elaborated, which are mutually dependent and need to be in a consistent form.The book is structured in four parts. The introductory Part I deals with the relevance of architectures, the central role of the design subprocess both in development or maintenance, and the importance of the decisions and artefacts in the overall result. Another topic is the spectrum of views an architecture language has to offer, and that there are different architectures to be regarded, from abstract and static to detailed, technical, and specific.  Part II then discusses “important topics” onthe architecture level. It deals with adaptability especially for embedded systems, with integrating styles/ pattern notations, with different reuse forms and how to find them, with the role of architectures for integrating different existing systems, and with reverse and reengineering of legacy systems. Next, Part III covers architecture modeling and its relation to surrounding activities, as well as architectures to surrounding other results. The single chapters are on transformation between requirements and architectures, architectures and programming, architectures and project management and organization, as well as architectures and their relations to quality assurance or documentation. Eventually, Part IV summarizes the main messages and presents open problems, both for every single chapter and across chapters. Every chapter focuses on a specific problem it addresses, a question it answers, the attention it demands, a message it conveys, and further open questions it raises. The chapters are mostly independent, which implies a certain redundancy, yet it allows lecturers (and their students) to either use the book as the basis of teaching software architecture or design, or to just pick those aspects that need special attention in a more advanced course.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Graph Transformations, ICGT 2015, held in L'Aquila, Italy, in July 2015. The 15 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 1 keynote were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations; applications: technical papers, and tool presentations.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Graph Transformations, ICGT 2015, held in L''Aquila, Italy, in July 2015. The 15 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 1 keynote were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations; applications: technical papers, and tool presentations.

Thedisciplineofsoftwarecon?gurationmanagement(SCM)providesoneofthe bestsuccessstoriesinthe?eldofsoftwareengineering. Withtheavailabilityof over100commercialSCMsystemsthattogetherformabillion-dollarmark- place,andtheexplicitrecognitionofSCMbysuchstandardsastheCMMand ISO-9000,thedisciplinehasestablisheditselfasoneoftheessentialcornerstones ofsoftwareengineering. While SCM is a well-established discipline, innovative software engine- ing approaches constitute new challenges that require support in the form of new or improvedtools, techniques, and processes. These challengesemerge in component-baseddevelopment,distributedsystems,dynamicallyboundand- con?gured systems, embedded systems, software architecture, Web-based s- tems,XML,engineering/productdatamanagement,systemengineering,process support,concurrentandcooperativeengineering,etc. Since the ?rst SCM workshop was held in 1988, the workshop series has providedarecurringforumforresearchersandpractitionerstopresenttechnical contributions,toexchangeanddiscussideas,andtoestablishcontactsforfurther cooperation.Thecurrentvolumecontainspapersfromtwoworkshopswhichwere bothco-locatedwiththeInternationalConferenceonSoftwareEngineering,but di?eredintheirformatsandgoals. SCM-10washeldasanICSEworkshopatToronto,CanadainMay2001. It wasdeliberatelydecidedtohaveaninformalworkshopinordertoopenaforum fordiscussingnewpractices,newchallenges,andnewboundariesforSCM. This wasachievedbyablendofinvitedtalks,talksonselectedpositionpapers,and lively discussions. Originally, informal proceedings were produced which were deliveredtotheworkshopparticipants. Lateron,5outof22submissionswere selectedforpublicationinthis jointvolume. Allauthorswereaskedtoextend theircontributionstofullpapersandtorevisethemthoroughly. WhiletheSCM-10experimentprovedverysuccessful,theSCMcommunity feltthatitshouldgoforaformalworkshoponceagain. Infact,thiswouldopen uptheopportunitytodocumentcurrentresearchandfertilizethedevelopment ofthisdiscipline. Asaconsequence,thefollow-upworkshopSCM-11washeld as a co-located event with ICSE at Portland, Oregon in May 2003. The Call forPapersreceivedalivelyresponsewith36submissions,outofwhich15were acceptedforpublication(12longand3shortpapers).Thesepapersappearinthe secondpartofthisvolume,orderedbytopic. Inadditiontopaperpresentations, theworkshopprovidedsu?cienttimeforinspiringdiscussions. Thechairsofbothworkshopswouldliketoacknowledgetheinvaluablec- tributionsofallauthorsandspeakers,theprogramcommittees,theorganizers oftheICSEconferences,andSpringer-Verlag. May2003 BernhardWestfechtel Andr'evanderHoek VI Preface ProgramCommitteeofSCM2003 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA ReidarConradi,NTNUTrondheim,Norway IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK Andr'evanderHoek,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA AnnitaPersson,EricssonAB,Molndal,Sweden BernhardWestfechtel(Chair),RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany ProgramCommitteeofSCM2001 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK JackyEstublier,LSR-IMAG,France Andr'evanderHoek(Chair),UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA Je?Magee,ImperialCollege,London,UK BernhardWestfechtel,RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany SCMWorkshops SCM-1,Grassau,Germany(1988) SCM-2,Princeton,USA(1990) SCM-3,Trondheim,Norway(1991) SCM-4,Baltimore,USA(1993) SCM-5,Seattle,USA(1995) SCM-6,Berlin,Germany(1996) SCM-7,Boston,USA(1997) SCM-8,Brussels,Belgium(1998) SCM-9,Toulouse,France(1999) SCM-10,Toronto,Canada(2001) SCM-11,Portland,Oregon(2003) TableofContents BestPapersofSCM2001 De?ningandSupportingConcurrentEngineeringPoliciesinSCM...1 JackyEstublier,SergioGarc'?a,andGerman ' Vega Con?gurationManagementinComponentBasedProductPopulations...16 RobvanOmmering SoftwareArchitectureandSoftwareCon?gurationManagement...24 BernhardWestfechtelandReidarConradi SupportingDistributedCollaborationthroughMultidimensionalSoftware Con?gurationManagement...40 MarkC. Chu-CarrollandJamesWright SoftwareCon?gurationManagementRelatedtotheManagementof DistributedSystemsandService-OrientedArchitectures ...54 VladimirTosic,DavidMennie,andBernardPagurek VersionModelsI UniformComparisonofCon?gurationManagementDataModels ...70 E. JamesWhitehead,Jr. andDorritGordon TowardsIntelligentSupportforManagingEvolutionofCon?gurable SoftwareProductFamilies ...86 TeroKojo,TomiMannisto,andTimoSoininen IntegratingSoftwareConstructionandSoftwareDeployment ...102 EelcoDolstra VersionModelsII DataProductCon?gurationManagementand Versioningin Large-Scale ProductionofSatelliteScienti?cData ...118 BruceR. Barkstrom MergingCollectionDataStructuresinaContentManagementSystem...134 AxelWienberg CompatibilityofXMLLanguageVersions...148 DanielDuiandWolfgangEmmerich VIII TableofContents Architecture UsingFederationsforFlexibleSCMSystems ...163 JackyEstublier,Anh-TuyetLe,andJorgeVillalobos DissectingCon?gurationManagementPolicies...177 RonaldvanderLingenandAndr'evanderHoek ConcurrencyandDistribution ImprovingCon?ictDetectioninOptimisticConcurrencyControlModels. . 191 CiaranO'Thedisciplineofsoftwarecon?gurationmanagement(SCM)providesoneofthe bestsuccessstoriesinthe?eldofsoftwareengineering. Withtheavailabilityof over100commercialSCMsystemsthattogetherformabillion-dollarmark- place,andtheexplicitrecognitionofSCMbysuchstandardsastheCMMand ISO-9000,thedisciplinehasestablisheditselfasoneoftheessentialcornerstones ofsoftwareengineering. While SCM is a well-established discipline, innovative software engine- ing approaches constitute new challenges that require support in the form of new or improvedtools, techniques, and processes. These challengesemerge in component-baseddevelopment,distributedsystems,dynamicallyboundand- con?gured systems, embedded systems, software architecture, Web-based s- tems,XML,engineering/productdatamanagement,systemengineering,process support,concurrentandcooperativeengineering,etc.Since the ?rst SCM workshop was held in 1988, the workshop series has providedarecurringforumforresearchersandpractitionerstopresenttechnical contributions,toexchangeanddiscussideas,andtoestablishcontactsforfurther cooperation. Thecurrentvolumecontainspapersfromtwoworkshopswhichwere bothco-locatedwiththeInternationalConferenceonSoftwareEngineering,but di?eredintheirformatsandgoals. SCM-10washeldasanICSEworkshopatToronto,CanadainMay2001. It wasdeliberatelydecidedtohaveaninformalworkshopinordertoopenaforum fordiscussingnewpractices,newchallenges,andnewboundariesforSCM. This wasachievedbyablendofinvitedtalks,talksonselectedpositionpapers,and lively discussions. Originally, informal proceedings were produced which were deliveredtotheworkshopparticipants. Lateron,5outof22submissionswere selectedforpublicationinthis jointvolume. Allauthorswereaskedtoextend theircontributionstofullpapersandtorevisethemthoroughly. WhiletheSCM-10experimentprovedverysuccessful,theSCMcommunity feltthatitshouldgoforaformalworkshoponceagain. Infact,thiswouldopen uptheopportunitytodocumentcurrentresearchandfertilizethedevelopment ofthisdiscipline.Asaconsequence,thefollow-upworkshopSCM-11washeld as a co-located event with ICSE at Portland, Oregon in May 2003. The Call forPapersreceivedalivelyresponsewith36submissions,outofwhich15were acceptedforpublication(12longand3shortpapers). Thesepapersappearinthe secondpartofthisvolume,orderedbytopic. Inadditiontopaperpresentations, theworkshopprovidedsu?cienttimeforinspiringdiscussions. Thechairsofbothworkshopswouldliketoacknowledgetheinvaluablec- tributionsofallauthorsandspeakers,theprogramcommittees,theorganizers oftheICSEconferences,andSpringer-Verlag. May2003 BernhardWestfechtel Andr'evanderHoek VI Preface ProgramCommitteeofSCM2003 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA ReidarConradi,NTNUTrondheim,Norway IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK Andr'evanderHoek,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA AnnitaPersson,EricssonAB,Molndal,Sweden BernhardWestfechtel(Chair),RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany ProgramCommitteeofSCM2001 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK JackyEstublier,LSR-IMAG,France Andr'evanderHoek(Chair),UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA Je?Magee,ImperialCollege,London,UK BernhardWestfechtel,RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany SCMWorkshops SCM-1,Grassau,Germany(1988) SCM-2,Princeton,USA(1990) SCM-3,Trondheim,Norway(1991) SCM-4,Baltimore,USA(1993) SCM-5,Seattle,USA(1995) SCM-6,Berlin,Germany(1996) SCM-7,Boston,USA(1997) SCM-8,Brussels,Belgium(1998) SCM-9,Toulouse,France(1999) SCM-10,Toronto,Canada(2001) SCM-11,Portland,Oregon(2003) TableofContents BestPapersofSCM2001 De?ningandSupportingConcurrentEngineeringPoliciesinSCM...1 JackyEstublier,SergioGarc'?a,andGerman ' Vega Con?gurationManagementinComponentBasedProductPopulations...16 RobvanOmmering SoftwareArchitectureandSoftwareCon?gurationManagement...24 BernhardWestfechtelandReidarConradi SupportingDistributedCollaborationthroughMultidimensionalSoftware Con?gurationManagement...40 MarkC. Chu-CarrollandJamesWright SoftwareCon?gurationManagementRelatedtotheManagementof DistributedSystemsandService-OrientedArchitectures ...54 VladimirTosic,DavidMennie,andBernardPagurek VersionModelsI UniformComparisonofCon?gurationManagementDataModels ...70 E. JamesWhitehead,Jr. andDorritGordon TowardsIntelligentSupportforManagingEvolutionofCon?gurable SoftwareProductFamilies ...86 TeroKojo,TomiMannisto,andTimoSoininen IntegratingSoftwareConstructionandSoftwareDeployment ...102 EelcoDolstra VersionModelsII DataProductCon?gurationManagementand Versioningin Large-Scale ProductionofSatelliteScienti?cData ...118 BruceR. Barkstrom MergingCollectionDataStructuresinaContentManagementSystem...134 AxelWienberg CompatibilityofXMLLanguageVersions...148 DanielDuiandWolfgangEmmerich VIII TableofContents Architecture UsingFederationsforFlexibleSCMSystems ...163 JackyEstublier,Anh-TuyetLe,andJorgeVillalobos DissectingCon?gurationManagementPolicies...177 RonaldvanderLingenandAndr'evanderHoek ConcurrencyandDistribution ImprovingCon?ictDetectioninOptimisticConcurrencyControlModels. . 191 CiaranO'Reilly,PhilipMorrow,andDavidBustard DataTopologyandProcessPatternsforDistributedDevelopment...206 DarcyWiborgWeber Component-BasedSystems ManagingtheEvolutionofDistributedandInterrelatedComponents...217 SundararajanSowrirajanandAndr'evanderHoek ALightweightInfrastructureforRecon?guringApplications...231 MarcoCastaldi,AntonioCarzaniga,PaolaInverardi, andAlexanderL. Wolf Education ASoftwareCon?gurationManagementCourse...245 UlfAsklundandLarsBendix NewApplications ApplicationsofCon?gurationInformationtoSecurity ...259 DennisHeimbigner TowardsSoftwareCon?gurationManagementforTest-Driven Development...267 TammoFreese AuthorIndex ...

During its 30-year existence, the International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science has become a distinguished and high-quality computer science event. The workshop aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can successfully be applied to v- ious areas of computer science and by exposing new theories emerging from applications. In this way, WG provides a common ground for the exchange of information among people dealing with several graph problems and working in various disciplines. Thereby, the workshop contributes to forming an interdis- plinary research community. The original idea of the Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in C- puter Science was ingenuity in all theoretical aspects and applications of graph concepts, wherever applied. Within the last ten years, the development has strengthened in particular the topic of structural graph properties in relation to computational complexity. This workshop has become pivotal for the c- munity interested in these areas.An aimspeci?c to the 30thWG was to support the central role of WG in both of the prementioned areas on the one hand and on the other hand to promote its originally broader scope. The 30th WG was held at the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, which serves as the main meeting point of the German Physical Society. It o?ers a secluded setting for research conferences, seminars, and workshops, and has proved to be especiallystimulatingforfruitful discussions.Talksweregiveninthenewlecture hall with a modern double rear projection, interactive electronic board, and full video conferencing equipment.

During its 30-year existence, the International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science has become a distinguished and high-quality computer science event. The workshop aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can successfully be applied to v- ious areas of computer science and by exposing new theories emerging from applications. In this way, WG provides a common ground for the exchange of information among people dealing with several graph problems and working in various disciplines. Thereby, the workshop contributes to forming an interdis- plinary research community. The original idea of the Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in C- puter Science was ingenuity in all theoretical aspects and applications of graph concepts, wherever applied. Within the last ten years, the development has strengthened in particular the topic of structural graph properties in relation to computational complexity. This workshop has become pivotal for the c- munity interested in these areas.An aimspeci?c to the 30thWG was to support the central role of WG in both of the prementioned areas on the one hand and on the other hand to promote its originally broader scope. The 30th WG was held at the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, which serves as the main meeting point of the German Physical Society. It o?ers a secluded setting for research conferences, seminars, and workshops, and has proved to be especiallystimulatingforfruitful discussions.Talksweregiveninthenewlecture hall with a modern double rear projection, interactive electronic board, and full video conferencing equipment.

The development of products in disciplines such as mechanical, electrical, or software engineering is a challenging task. Costs have to be reduced, the ti- to-market has to be shortened, and quality has to be improved. Skilled engineers andsophisticatedtoolsforsupportingtechnicalworkarenecessaryprerequisites, yettheyarenotsu?cientformeetingtheseambitiousgoals.Inaddition,thework of developers must be coordinated so that they cooperate smoothly. To this end, the steps of the development process have to be planned, an engineer executing a task must be provided with documents and tools, the results of development activities have to be fed back to management which in turn has to adjust the plan accordingly, the documents produced in di?erent working areas have to kept consistent with each other, etc. This book reports on models and tools for managing development processes. It provides both a survey of the current state of the art and presents our own contributions. The material covered in this book is based on research in di?- ent engineering disciplines (mechanical, software, and chemical engineering). It presents a uni?ed view on the management of development processes in these disciplines.

Thema des Buches ist die Integration von Umgebungen, die einzelne Prozesse unterstutzen, zu einer Gesamtumgebung; die resultierenden Entwicklungssysteme stehen daher im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Die Problematik tritt in verschiedenen Disziplinen auf wie z.B. in der Fertigungs-, Verfahrens-, und Softwaretechnik und ist sowohl unter technischen als auch wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten relevant. Entscheidend ist die Wiederverwendung existierender Umgebungen und Werkzeuge (A-posteriori-Integration) fur die Entwicklung komplexer technischer Produkte. Untersucht werden insbesondere moderne firmenubergreifende Prozesse (Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering), die auf neuen Techniken wie Multimedia, verteilten Anwendungen u.a. basieren, sowie ein wiederverwendbares Rahmenwerk zur Integration der bestehenden Umgebungen.

The development of products in disciplines such as mechanical, electrical, or software engineering is a challenging task. Costs have to be reduced, the ti- to-market has to be shortened, and quality has to be improved. Skilled engineers andsophisticatedtoolsforsupportingtechnicalworkarenecessaryprerequisites, yettheyarenotsu?cientformeetingtheseambitiousgoals.Inaddition,thework of developers must be coordinated so that they cooperate smoothly. To this end, the steps of the development process have to be planned, an engineer executing a task must be provided with documents and tools, the results of development activities have to be fed back to management which in turn has to adjust the plan accordingly, the documents produced in di?erent working areas have to kept consistent with each other, etc. This book reports on models and tools for managing development processes. It provides both a survey of the current state of the art and presents our own contributions. The material covered in this book is based on research in di?- ent engineering disciplines (mechanical, software, and chemical engineering). It presents a uni?ed view on the management of development processes in these disciplines.

Manfred Nagl has been a very active, productive researcher with great impact in a number of di?erent areas,e.g., graphtransformationsand their applications to a wide range of disciplines, software engineering environments, engineering designprocesses,andsoftwarearchitectures.We-?veofhisnumerousacademic descendants - were in?uenced deeply by Manfred's work. For this reason, we decided to prepare this volume, which was edited in his honor on the occasion of his 65th birthday. A "pre-release"(book of abstracts) was presented to Manfred atacelebrationatRWTHAachenUniversityinJune2009.Thecompletevolume followed when Manfred received an honorary doctorate from the University of Paderborn in November 2010. Altogether, we collected 30 papers. The types of papers vary signi?cantly, including classic research papers in the style of journal articles, surveys of - cused research areas, essays re?ecting on certain research topics, and papers summarizing long-term work conducted by Manfred Nagl. All papers were subject to a thorough quality control process involving at least two reviews for each paper.The editors were assisted by numerous ad- tional reviewers, whose work is gratefully acknowledged.

This textbook concentrates on processes, activities and results related to software architectures. It describes the separation of architecture artefacts corresponding to their nature, their logical or their modeling level on one hand and at the same time emphasizes their integration based on their mutual relations. Design or development processes demand for integration, as different artifacts must be elaborated, which are mutually dependent and need to be in a consistent form.The book is structured in four parts. The introductory Part I deals with the relevance of architectures, the central role of the design subprocess both in development or maintenance, and the importance of the decisions and artefacts in the overall result. Another topic is the spectrum of views an architecture language has to offer, and that there are different architectures to be regarded, from abstract and static to detailed, technical, and specific.  Part II then discusses “important topics” onthe architecture level. It deals with adaptability especially for embedded systems, with integrating styles/ pattern notations, with different reuse forms and how to find them, with the role of architectures for integrating different existing systems, and with reverse and reengineering of legacy systems. Next, Part III covers architecture modeling and its relation to surrounding activities, as well as architectures to surrounding other results. The single chapters are on transformation between requirements and architectures, architectures and programming, architectures and project management and organization, as well as architectures and their relations to quality assurance or documentation. Eventually, Part IV summarizes the main messages and presents open problems, both for every single chapter and across chapters. Every chapter focuses on a specific problem it addresses, a question it answers, the attention it demands, a message it conveys, and further open questions it raises. The chapters are mostly independent, which implies a certain redundancy, yet it allows lecturers (and their students) to either use the book as the basis of teaching software architecture or design, or to just pick those aspects that need special attention in a more advanced course.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Graph Transformations, ICGT 2015, held in L'Aquila, Italy, in July 2015. The 15 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 1 keynote were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations; applications: technical papers, and tool presentations.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Graph Transformations, ICGT 2015, held in L''Aquila, Italy, in July 2015. The 15 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 1 keynote were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations; applications: technical papers, and tool presentations.

Thedisciplineofsoftwarecon?gurationmanagement(SCM)providesoneofthe bestsuccessstoriesinthe?eldofsoftwareengineering. Withtheavailabilityof over100commercialSCMsystemsthattogetherformabillion-dollarmark- place,andtheexplicitrecognitionofSCMbysuchstandardsastheCMMand ISO-9000,thedisciplinehasestablisheditselfasoneoftheessentialcornerstones ofsoftwareengineering. While SCM is a well-established discipline, innovative software engine- ing approaches constitute new challenges that require support in the form of new or improvedtools, techniques, and processes. These challengesemerge in component-baseddevelopment,distributedsystems,dynamicallyboundand- con?gured systems, embedded systems, software architecture, Web-based s- tems,XML,engineering/productdatamanagement,systemengineering,process support,concurrentandcooperativeengineering,etc. Since the ?rst SCM workshop was held in 1988, the workshop series has providedarecurringforumforresearchersandpractitionerstopresenttechnical contributions,toexchangeanddiscussideas,andtoestablishcontactsforfurther cooperation.Thecurrentvolumecontainspapersfromtwoworkshopswhichwere bothco-locatedwiththeInternationalConferenceonSoftwareEngineering,but di?eredintheirformatsandgoals. SCM-10washeldasanICSEworkshopatToronto,CanadainMay2001. It wasdeliberatelydecidedtohaveaninformalworkshopinordertoopenaforum fordiscussingnewpractices,newchallenges,andnewboundariesforSCM. This wasachievedbyablendofinvitedtalks,talksonselectedpositionpapers,and lively discussions. Originally, informal proceedings were produced which were deliveredtotheworkshopparticipants. Lateron,5outof22submissionswere selectedforpublicationinthis jointvolume. Allauthorswereaskedtoextend theircontributionstofullpapersandtorevisethemthoroughly. WhiletheSCM-10experimentprovedverysuccessful,theSCMcommunity feltthatitshouldgoforaformalworkshoponceagain. Infact,thiswouldopen uptheopportunitytodocumentcurrentresearchandfertilizethedevelopment ofthisdiscipline. Asaconsequence,thefollow-upworkshopSCM-11washeld as a co-located event with ICSE at Portland, Oregon in May 2003. The Call forPapersreceivedalivelyresponsewith36submissions,outofwhich15were acceptedforpublication(12longand3shortpapers).Thesepapersappearinthe secondpartofthisvolume,orderedbytopic. Inadditiontopaperpresentations, theworkshopprovidedsu?cienttimeforinspiringdiscussions. Thechairsofbothworkshopswouldliketoacknowledgetheinvaluablec- tributionsofallauthorsandspeakers,theprogramcommittees,theorganizers oftheICSEconferences,andSpringer-Verlag. May2003 BernhardWestfechtel Andr'evanderHoek VI Preface ProgramCommitteeofSCM2003 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA ReidarConradi,NTNUTrondheim,Norway IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK Andr'evanderHoek,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA AnnitaPersson,EricssonAB,Molndal,Sweden BernhardWestfechtel(Chair),RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany ProgramCommitteeofSCM2001 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK JackyEstublier,LSR-IMAG,France Andr'evanderHoek(Chair),UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA Je?Magee,ImperialCollege,London,UK BernhardWestfechtel,RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany SCMWorkshops SCM-1,Grassau,Germany(1988) SCM-2,Princeton,USA(1990) SCM-3,Trondheim,Norway(1991) SCM-4,Baltimore,USA(1993) SCM-5,Seattle,USA(1995) SCM-6,Berlin,Germany(1996) SCM-7,Boston,USA(1997) SCM-8,Brussels,Belgium(1998) SCM-9,Toulouse,France(1999) SCM-10,Toronto,Canada(2001) SCM-11,Portland,Oregon(2003) TableofContents BestPapersofSCM2001 De?ningandSupportingConcurrentEngineeringPoliciesinSCM...1 JackyEstublier,SergioGarc'?a,andGerman ' Vega Con?gurationManagementinComponentBasedProductPopulations...16 RobvanOmmering SoftwareArchitectureandSoftwareCon?gurationManagement...24 BernhardWestfechtelandReidarConradi SupportingDistributedCollaborationthroughMultidimensionalSoftware Con?gurationManagement...40 MarkC. Chu-CarrollandJamesWright SoftwareCon?gurationManagementRelatedtotheManagementof DistributedSystemsandService-OrientedArchitectures ...54 VladimirTosic,DavidMennie,andBernardPagurek VersionModelsI UniformComparisonofCon?gurationManagementDataModels ...70 E. JamesWhitehead,Jr. andDorritGordon TowardsIntelligentSupportforManagingEvolutionofCon?gurable SoftwareProductFamilies ...86 TeroKojo,TomiMannisto,andTimoSoininen IntegratingSoftwareConstructionandSoftwareDeployment ...102 EelcoDolstra VersionModelsII DataProductCon?gurationManagementand Versioningin Large-Scale ProductionofSatelliteScienti?cData ...118 BruceR. Barkstrom MergingCollectionDataStructuresinaContentManagementSystem...134 AxelWienberg CompatibilityofXMLLanguageVersions...148 DanielDuiandWolfgangEmmerich VIII TableofContents Architecture UsingFederationsforFlexibleSCMSystems ...163 JackyEstublier,Anh-TuyetLe,andJorgeVillalobos DissectingCon?gurationManagementPolicies...177 RonaldvanderLingenandAndr'evanderHoek ConcurrencyandDistribution ImprovingCon?ictDetectioninOptimisticConcurrencyControlModels. . 191 CiaranO'Thedisciplineofsoftwarecon?gurationmanagement(SCM)providesoneofthe bestsuccessstoriesinthe?eldofsoftwareengineering. Withtheavailabilityof over100commercialSCMsystemsthattogetherformabillion-dollarmark- place,andtheexplicitrecognitionofSCMbysuchstandardsastheCMMand ISO-9000,thedisciplinehasestablisheditselfasoneoftheessentialcornerstones ofsoftwareengineering. While SCM is a well-established discipline, innovative software engine- ing approaches constitute new challenges that require support in the form of new or improvedtools, techniques, and processes. These challengesemerge in component-baseddevelopment,distributedsystems,dynamicallyboundand- con?gured systems, embedded systems, software architecture, Web-based s- tems,XML,engineering/productdatamanagement,systemengineering,process support,concurrentandcooperativeengineering,etc.Since the ?rst SCM workshop was held in 1988, the workshop series has providedarecurringforumforresearchersandpractitionerstopresenttechnical contributions,toexchangeanddiscussideas,andtoestablishcontactsforfurther cooperation. Thecurrentvolumecontainspapersfromtwoworkshopswhichwere bothco-locatedwiththeInternationalConferenceonSoftwareEngineering,but di?eredintheirformatsandgoals. SCM-10washeldasanICSEworkshopatToronto,CanadainMay2001. It wasdeliberatelydecidedtohaveaninformalworkshopinordertoopenaforum fordiscussingnewpractices,newchallenges,andnewboundariesforSCM. This wasachievedbyablendofinvitedtalks,talksonselectedpositionpapers,and lively discussions. Originally, informal proceedings were produced which were deliveredtotheworkshopparticipants. Lateron,5outof22submissionswere selectedforpublicationinthis jointvolume. Allauthorswereaskedtoextend theircontributionstofullpapersandtorevisethemthoroughly. WhiletheSCM-10experimentprovedverysuccessful,theSCMcommunity feltthatitshouldgoforaformalworkshoponceagain. Infact,thiswouldopen uptheopportunitytodocumentcurrentresearchandfertilizethedevelopment ofthisdiscipline.Asaconsequence,thefollow-upworkshopSCM-11washeld as a co-located event with ICSE at Portland, Oregon in May 2003. The Call forPapersreceivedalivelyresponsewith36submissions,outofwhich15were acceptedforpublication(12longand3shortpapers). Thesepapersappearinthe secondpartofthisvolume,orderedbytopic. Inadditiontopaperpresentations, theworkshopprovidedsu?cienttimeforinspiringdiscussions. Thechairsofbothworkshopswouldliketoacknowledgetheinvaluablec- tributionsofallauthorsandspeakers,theprogramcommittees,theorganizers oftheICSEconferences,andSpringer-Verlag. May2003 BernhardWestfechtel Andr'evanderHoek VI Preface ProgramCommitteeofSCM2003 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA ReidarConradi,NTNUTrondheim,Norway IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK Andr'evanderHoek,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA AnnitaPersson,EricssonAB,Molndal,Sweden BernhardWestfechtel(Chair),RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany ProgramCommitteeofSCM2001 Geo?Clemm,Rational,USA IvicaCrnkovic,MalardalenUniversity,Sweden WolfgangEmmerich,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK JackyEstublier,LSR-IMAG,France Andr'evanderHoek(Chair),UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,USA Je?Magee,ImperialCollege,London,UK BernhardWestfechtel,RWTHAachen,Germany JimWhitehead,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,USA AndreasZeller,UniversityofSaarbruc .. ken,Germany SCMWorkshops SCM-1,Grassau,Germany(1988) SCM-2,Princeton,USA(1990) SCM-3,Trondheim,Norway(1991) SCM-4,Baltimore,USA(1993) SCM-5,Seattle,USA(1995) SCM-6,Berlin,Germany(1996) SCM-7,Boston,USA(1997) SCM-8,Brussels,Belgium(1998) SCM-9,Toulouse,France(1999) SCM-10,Toronto,Canada(2001) SCM-11,Portland,Oregon(2003) TableofContents BestPapersofSCM2001 De?ningandSupportingConcurrentEngineeringPoliciesinSCM...1 JackyEstublier,SergioGarc'?a,andGerman ' Vega Con?gurationManagementinComponentBasedProductPopulations...16 RobvanOmmering SoftwareArchitectureandSoftwareCon?gurationManagement...24 BernhardWestfechtelandReidarConradi SupportingDistributedCollaborationthroughMultidimensionalSoftware Con?gurationManagement...40 MarkC. Chu-CarrollandJamesWright SoftwareCon?gurationManagementRelatedtotheManagementof DistributedSystemsandService-OrientedArchitectures ...54 VladimirTosic,DavidMennie,andBernardPagurek VersionModelsI UniformComparisonofCon?gurationManagementDataModels ...70 E. JamesWhitehead,Jr. andDorritGordon TowardsIntelligentSupportforManagingEvolutionofCon?gurable SoftwareProductFamilies ...86 TeroKojo,TomiMannisto,andTimoSoininen IntegratingSoftwareConstructionandSoftwareDeployment ...102 EelcoDolstra VersionModelsII DataProductCon?gurationManagementand Versioningin Large-Scale ProductionofSatelliteScienti?cData ...118 BruceR. Barkstrom MergingCollectionDataStructuresinaContentManagementSystem...134 AxelWienberg CompatibilityofXMLLanguageVersions...148 DanielDuiandWolfgangEmmerich VIII TableofContents Architecture UsingFederationsforFlexibleSCMSystems ...163 JackyEstublier,Anh-TuyetLe,andJorgeVillalobos DissectingCon?gurationManagementPolicies...177 RonaldvanderLingenandAndr'evanderHoek ConcurrencyandDistribution ImprovingCon?ictDetectioninOptimisticConcurrencyControlModels. . 191 CiaranO'Reilly,PhilipMorrow,andDavidBustard DataTopologyandProcessPatternsforDistributedDevelopment...206 DarcyWiborgWeber Component-BasedSystems ManagingtheEvolutionofDistributedandInterrelatedComponents...217 SundararajanSowrirajanandAndr'evanderHoek ALightweightInfrastructureforRecon?guringApplications...231 MarcoCastaldi,AntonioCarzaniga,PaolaInverardi, andAlexanderL. Wolf Education ASoftwareCon?gurationManagementCourse...245 UlfAsklundandLarsBendix NewApplications ApplicationsofCon?gurationInformationtoSecurity ...259 DennisHeimbigner TowardsSoftwareCon?gurationManagementforTest-Driven Development...267 TammoFreese AuthorIndex ...

During its 30-year existence, the International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science has become a distinguished and high-quality computer science event. The workshop aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can successfully be applied to v- ious areas of computer science and by exposing new theories emerging from applications. In this way, WG provides a common ground for the exchange of information among people dealing with several graph problems and working in various disciplines. Thereby, the workshop contributes to forming an interdis- plinary research community. The original idea of the Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in C- puter Science was ingenuity in all theoretical aspects and applications of graph concepts, wherever applied. Within the last ten years, the development has strengthened in particular the topic of structural graph properties in relation to computational complexity. This workshop has become pivotal for the c- munity interested in these areas.An aimspeci?c to the 30thWG was to support the central role of WG in both of the prementioned areas on the one hand and on the other hand to promote its originally broader scope. The 30th WG was held at the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, which serves as the main meeting point of the German Physical Society. It o?ers a secluded setting for research conferences, seminars, and workshops, and has proved to be especiallystimulatingforfruitful discussions.Talksweregiveninthenewlecture hall with a modern double rear projection, interactive electronic board, and full video conferencing equipment.

During its 30-year existence, the International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science has become a distinguished and high-quality computer science event. The workshop aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can successfully be applied to v- ious areas of computer science and by exposing new theories emerging from applications. In this way, WG provides a common ground for the exchange of information among people dealing with several graph problems and working in various disciplines. Thereby, the workshop contributes to forming an interdis- plinary research community. The original idea of the Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in C- puter Science was ingenuity in all theoretical aspects and applications of graph concepts, wherever applied. Within the last ten years, the development has strengthened in particular the topic of structural graph properties in relation to computational complexity. This workshop has become pivotal for the c- munity interested in these areas.An aimspeci?c to the 30thWG was to support the central role of WG in both of the prementioned areas on the one hand and on the other hand to promote its originally broader scope. The 30th WG was held at the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, which serves as the main meeting point of the German Physical Society. It o?ers a secluded setting for research conferences, seminars, and workshops, and has proved to be especiallystimulatingforfruitful discussions.Talksweregiveninthenewlecture hall with a modern double rear projection, interactive electronic board, and full video conferencing equipment.

The development of products in disciplines such as mechanical, electrical, or software engineering is a challenging task. Costs have to be reduced, the ti- to-market has to be shortened, and quality has to be improved. Skilled engineers andsophisticatedtoolsforsupportingtechnicalworkarenecessaryprerequisites, yettheyarenotsu?cientformeetingtheseambitiousgoals.Inaddition,thework of developers must be coordinated so that they cooperate smoothly. To this end, the steps of the development process have to be planned, an engineer executing a task must be provided with documents and tools, the results of development activities have to be fed back to management which in turn has to adjust the plan accordingly, the documents produced in di?erent working areas have to kept consistent with each other, etc. This book reports on models and tools for managing development processes. It provides both a survey of the current state of the art and presents our own contributions. The material covered in this book is based on research in di?- ent engineering disciplines (mechanical, software, and chemical engineering). It presents a uni?ed view on the management of development processes in these disciplines.

Thema des Buches ist die Integration von Umgebungen, die einzelne Prozesse unterstutzen, zu einer Gesamtumgebung; die resultierenden Entwicklungssysteme stehen daher im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Die Problematik tritt in verschiedenen Disziplinen auf wie z.B. in der Fertigungs-, Verfahrens-, und Softwaretechnik und ist sowohl unter technischen als auch wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten relevant. Entscheidend ist die Wiederverwendung existierender Umgebungen und Werkzeuge (A-posteriori-Integration) fur die Entwicklung komplexer technischer Produkte. Untersucht werden insbesondere moderne firmenubergreifende Prozesse (Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering), die auf neuen Techniken wie Multimedia, verteilten Anwendungen u.a. basieren, sowie ein wiederverwendbares Rahmenwerk zur Integration der bestehenden Umgebungen.

The development of products in disciplines such as mechanical, electrical, or software engineering is a challenging task. Costs have to be reduced, the ti- to-market has to be shortened, and quality has to be improved. Skilled engineers andsophisticatedtoolsforsupportingtechnicalworkarenecessaryprerequisites, yettheyarenotsu?cientformeetingtheseambitiousgoals.Inaddition,thework of developers must be coordinated so that they cooperate smoothly. To this end, the steps of the development process have to be planned, an engineer executing a task must be provided with documents and tools, the results of development activities have to be fed back to management which in turn has to adjust the plan accordingly, the documents produced in di?erent working areas have to kept consistent with each other, etc. This book reports on models and tools for managing development processes. It provides both a survey of the current state of the art and presents our own contributions. The material covered in this book is based on research in di?- ent engineering disciplines (mechanical, software, and chemical engineering). It presents a uni?ed view on the management of development processes in these disciplines.

Manfred Nagl has been a very active, productive researcher with great impact in a number of di?erent areas,e.g., graphtransformationsand their applications to a wide range of disciplines, software engineering environments, engineering designprocesses,andsoftwarearchitectures.We-?veofhisnumerousacademic descendants - were in?uenced deeply by Manfred's work. For this reason, we decided to prepare this volume, which was edited in his honor on the occasion of his 65th birthday. A "pre-release"(book of abstracts) was presented to Manfred atacelebrationatRWTHAachenUniversityinJune2009.Thecompletevolume followed when Manfred received an honorary doctorate from the University of Paderborn in November 2010. Altogether, we collected 30 papers. The types of papers vary signi?cantly, including classic research papers in the style of journal articles, surveys of - cused research areas, essays re?ecting on certain research topics, and papers summarizing long-term work conducted by Manfred Nagl. All papers were subject to a thorough quality control process involving at least two reviews for each paper.The editors were assisted by numerous ad- tional reviewers, whose work is gratefully acknowledged.