Bob de Graaff - Böcker

National intelligence cultures are shaped by their country’s history and environment. Featuring 32 countries (such as Albania, Belgium, Croatia, Norway, Latvia, Montenegro), the work provides insight into a number of rarely discussed national intelligence agencies to allow for comparative study, offering hard to find information into one volume. In their chapters, the contributors, who are all experts from the countries discussed, address the intelligence community rather than focus on a single agency. They examine the environment in which an organization operates, its actors, and cultural and ideological climate, to cover both the external and internal factors that influence a nation’s intelligence community. The result is an exhaustive, unique survey of European intelligence communities rarely discussed.

Lifting the Fog: The Secret History of the Dutch Defense Intelligence and Security Service (1912-2022) is unique as a general body of knowledge about the history of the Dutch intelligence and security services since 1913. The chapters alternate between a general historical overview and a number of case studies spread out over the more-than-a-century long history that taken together give a good insight into the main functions of a middle-size military intelligence service as The Netherlands has known. The MIVD is giving the author access to the archives of the MIVD and its predecessors, which normally are closed to outsiders.