Byeong Ho Kang - Böcker

Machine learning algorithms hold extraordinary promise, but the reality is that their success depends entirely on the suitability of the data available. This book is about Ripple-Down Rules (RDR), an alternative manual technique for rapidly building AI systems. With a human in the loop, RDR is much better able to deal with the limitations of data.Ripple-Down Rules: The Alternative to Machine Learning starts by reviewing the problems with data quality and the problems with conventional approaches to incorporating expert human knowledge into AI systems. It suggests that problems with knowledge acquisition arise because of mistaken philosophical assumptions about knowledge. It argues people never really explain how they reach a conclusion, rather they justify their conclusion by differentiating between cases in a context. RDR is based on this more situated understanding of knowledge. The central features of a RDR approach are explained, and detailed worked examples are presented for different types of RDR, based on freely available software developed for this book. The examples ensure developers have a clear idea of the simple yet counter-intuitive RDR algorithms to easily build their own RDR systems. It has been proven in industrial applications that it takes only a minute or two per rule to build RDR systems with perhaps thousands of rules. The industrial uses of RDR have ranged from medical diagnosis through data cleansing to chatbots in cars. RDR can be used on its own or to improve the performance of machine learning or other methods.

Machine learning algorithms hold extraordinary promise, but the reality is that their success depends entirely on the suitability of the data available. This book is about Ripple-Down Rules (RDR), an alternative manual technique for rapidly building AI systems. With a human in the loop, RDR is much better able to deal with the limitations of data.Ripple-Down Rules: The Alternative to Machine Learning starts by reviewing the problems with data quality and the problems with conventional approaches to incorporating expert human knowledge into AI systems. It suggests that problems with knowledge acquisition arise because of mistaken philosophical assumptions about knowledge. It argues people never really explain how they reach a conclusion, rather they justify their conclusion by differentiating between cases in a context. RDR is based on this more situated understanding of knowledge. The central features of a RDR approach are explained, and detailed worked examples are presented for different types of RDR, based on freely available software developed for this book. The examples ensure developers have a clear idea of the simple yet counter-intuitive RDR algorithms to easily build their own RDR systems. It has been proven in industrial applications that it takes only a minute or two per rule to build RDR systems with perhaps thousands of rules. The industrial uses of RDR have ranged from medical diagnosis through data cleansing to chatbots in cars. RDR can be used on its own or to improve the performance of machine learning or other methods.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Knowledge Management and Acquisition for Intelligent Systems, PKAW 2014, held in Gold Cost, Qld, Australia, in December 2014. The 18 full papers and 4 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 initial submissions. They deal with knowledge acquisition, expert systems, intelligent agents, ontology engineering, foundations of artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, Web mining, information systems, Web and other applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2016, held in Hobart, TAS, Australia, in December 2016. The 40 full papers and 18 short papers presented together with 8 invited short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions.

This two-volume set, LNAI 11012 and 11013, constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 15th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2018, held in Nanjing, China, in August 2018. The 82 full papers and 58 short papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions.

This two-volume set, LNAI 11012 and 11013, constitutes  the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 15th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2018, held in Nanjing, China, in August 2018.The 82 full papers and 58 short papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. PRICAI covers a wide range of topics such as AI theories, technologies and their applications in the areas of social and economic importance for countries in the Pacific Rim.

The Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence series is steered by the Australian Computer Society's (ACS) National Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. It aims at stimulating research by promoting exchange and cross-fertilization of ideas among different branches of artificial intelligence. It also provides a common forum for researchers and practitioners in various fields of AI to exchange new ideas and share their experience. This volume contains the proceedings of the 19th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI 2006) held at Hobart, Australia. AI 2006 received a record number of submissions, a total of 689 submissions from 35 countries. From these, full papers 89 (13%), long papers (up to 12 pages) and 70 (10%) short papers (up to 7 pages) were accepted for presentation and included in this volume. All full papers were reviewed through two rounds of assessments by at least two independent - viewers including Senior Program Committee members. The papers in this volume give an indication of recent advances in artificial int- ligence. The topics covered include Machine Learning, Robotics, AI Applications, Planning, Agents, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Cognition and User Interface, Vision and Image Processing, Information Retrieval and Search, AI in the Web, Knowledge Representation, Knowledge-Based Systems, and Neural Networks.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 2006 Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, PKAW 2006, held in Guilin, China in August 2006 as part of 9th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2006. The 21 revised full papers and 6 revised short papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on ontology and knowledge acquisition, algorithm approaches to knowledge acquisition, incremental knowledge acquisition and RDR, knowledge acquisition and applications, as well as machine learning and data mining.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 2008 Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, PKAW 2008, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2008 as part of 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2008. The 20 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions and went through two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on machine learning and data mining, incremental knowledge acquisition, web-based techniques and applications, as well as domain specific knowledge acquisition methods and applications.

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and u- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

Advanced Science and Technology, Advanced Communication and Networking, Information Security and Assurance, Ubiquitous Computing and Multimedia Appli- tions are conferences that attract many academic and industry professionals. The goal of these co-located conferences is to bring together researchers from academia and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of advanced science and technology, advanced communication and networking, information security and assurance, ubiquitous computing and m- timedia applications. This co-located event included the following conferences: AST 2010 (The second International Conference on Advanced Science and Technology), ACN 2010 (The second International Conference on Advanced Communication and Networking), ISA 2010 (The 4th International Conference on Information Security and Assurance) and UCMA 2010 (The 2010 International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Multimedia Applications). We would like to express our gratitude to all of the authors of submitted papers and to all attendees, for their contributions and participation. We believe in the need for continuing this undertaking in the future. We acknowledge the great effort of all the Chairs and the members of advisory boards and Program Committees of the above-listed events, who selected 15% of over 1,000 submissions, following a rigorous peer-review process. Special thanks go to SERSC (Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety) for supporting these - located conferences.

th The 11 International Workshop on Knowledge Management and Acquisition for Smart Systems and Services (PKAW 2010) has provided a forum for the past two decades for researchers and practitioners working in the area of machine intelligence. PKAW covers a spectrum of techniques and approaches to implement smartness in IT applications. As evidenced in the papers in this volume, machine intelligence solutions incorporate many areas of AI such as ontological engineering, agent-based techn- ogy, robotics, image recognition and the Semantic Web as well as many other fields of computing such as software engineering, security, databases, the Internet, information retrieval, language technology and game technology. PKAW has evolved to embrace and foster advances in theory, practice and te- nology not only in knowledge acquisition and capture but all aspects of knowledge management including reuse, sharing, maintenance, transfer, merging, reconciliation, creation and dissemination. As many nations strive to be knowledge economies and organizations seek to maximize their knowledge assets and usage, solutions to handle the complex task of knowledge management are more important than ever. This v- ume contributes towards this goal. This volume seeks to disseminate the latest solutions from the International Wo- shop on Knowledge Management and Acquisition for Smart Systems and Services (PKAW 2010) held in Daegu, Korea during August 30–31, 2010 in conjunction with the Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 2010).

As information technology (IT) becomes specialized and fragmented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics have common threads and because of this, advances in one s- discipline may transmit to another. The presentation of results between different s- disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of IT as a whole. This volume comprises the selection of papers presented at the Second International Mega-Conference on Future Generation Information Technology (FGIT 2010), composed of the following 11 international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA 2010), Bio-Science and Bio- Technology (BSBT 2010), Control and Automation (CA 2010), Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC 2010), Database Theory and Application (DTA 2010), Future Generation Communication and Networking (FGCN 2010), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC 2010), Multimedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB 2010), Security Technology (SecTech 2010), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP 2010), as well as u- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST 2010). In total, 1,630 papers were submitted to FGIT 2010 from 30 countries. The submitted papers went through a rigorous reviewing process and 395 papers were accepted. Of these 395 papers, 60 were assigned to this volume. In addition, this volume contains 7 invited papers and abstracts. Of the remaining accepted papers, 269 were distributed among 8 volumes of proceedings published by Springer in the CCIS series. 66 papers were withdrawn due to technical reasons.

Welcome to the proceedings of the 2010 International Conferences on Grid and D- tributed Computing (GDC 2010), and Control and Automation (CA 2010) – two of the partnering events of the Second International Mega-Conference on Future Gene- tion Information Technology (FGIT 2010). GDC and CA bring together researchers from academia and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted - pects of high-performance and compound control systems, including their links to computational sciences, mathematics and information technology. In total, 1,630 papers were submitted to FGIT 2010 from 30 countries, which - cludes 198 papers submitted to GDC/CA 2010. The submitted papers went through a rigorous reviewing process: 395 of the 1,630 papers were accepted for FGIT 2010, while 40 papers were accepted for GDC/CA 2010. Of the 40 papers, 8 were selected for the special FGIT 2010 volume published by Springer in LNCS the series. 28 papers are published in this volume, and 4 papers were withdrawn due to technical reasons. We would like to acknowledge the great effort of the GDC/CA 2010 International Advisory Boards and members of the International Program Committees, as well as all the organizations and individuals who supported the idea of publishing this volume of proceedings, including SERSC and Springer. Also, the success of these two c- ferences would not have been possible without the huge support from our sponsors and the work of the Chairs and Organizing Committee.

Welcome to the proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on u- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST 2010) – one of the partnering events of the Second International Mega-Conference on Future Generation Information Te- nology (FGIT 2010). UNESST brings together researchers from academia and industry as well as prac- tioners to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of u- and e-services and their applications, with links to computational sciences, mat- matics and information technology. In total, 1,630 papers were submitted to FGIT 2010 from 30 countries, which - cludes 223 papers submitted to UNESST 2010. The submitted papers went through a rigorous reviewing process: 395 of the 1,630 papers were accepted for FGIT 2010, while 50 papers were accepted for UNESST 2010. Of the 50 papers 8 were selected for the special FGIT 2010 volume published by Springer in the LNCS series. 27 papers are published in this volume and 15 papers were withdrawn due to technical reasons. We would like to acknowledge the great effort of the UNESST 2010 International Advisory Board and members of the International Program Committee, as well as all the organizations and individuals who supported the idea of publishing this volume of proceedings, including SERSC and Springer. Also, the success of the conference would not have been possible without the huge support from our sponsors and the work of the Chairs and Organizing Committee.

This book comprises selected papers of the International Conferences, CA and CES3 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, in Conjunction with GDC 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011.The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focuse on the various aspects of control and automation, and circuits, control, communication, electricity, electronics, energy, system, signal and simulation.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference, GDC 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011.The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focuse on the various aspects of grid and distributed computing.

This book comprises selected papers of the International Conference on Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, SIP 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, in Conjunction with GDC 2011, in Conjunction with GDC 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of signal processing, image processing and pattern recognition.

The two volume set, CCIS 262 and 263, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference, MulGraB 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, in conjunction with GDC 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011.The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focuse on the various aspects of multimedia, computer graphics and broadcasting.

The two volume set, CCIS 262 and 263, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference, MulGraB 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, in conjunction with GDC 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focuse on the various aspects of multimedia, computer graphics and broadcasting.

This book comprises selected papers of the International Conferences, ASEA, DRBC and EL 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, in Conjunction with GDC 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011.The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focuse on the various aspects of advances in software engineering and its Application, disaster recovery and business continuity, education and learning.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference, UNESST 2011, held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, in December 2011.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Knowledge Management and Acquisition for Intelligent Systems, PKAW 2012, held in Kuching, Malaysia, in September 2012. The 21 full papers and 11 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 141 papers. They deal with knoweldge acquisition issues and evaluation; language, text and image processing; incremental knowledge acquisition; agent based knowledge acquisition and management; ontology-based approaches; WEB 2.0 methods and applications; and other applications.

This book comprises the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences, MAS and ASNT 2012, held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012.The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of modeling and simulation, and automotive science and technology.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences on Security Technology, SecTech 2012, on Control and Automation, CA 2012, and CES-CUBE 2012, the International Conference on Circuits, Control, Communication, Electricity, Electronics, Energy, System, Signal and Simulation; all held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of security technology, and control and automation, and circuits, control, communication, electricity, electronics, energy, system, signal and simulation.